Polity · 1948 CE – present
State of Israel
מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל · دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل · ישראל
Also recorded as Israel
- Peak recorded area
- 90,411 km²
- 1967 CE
- Rulers on record
- 30
- from 1948 CE
- Data series
- 421
- 1948 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. It is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Israel occupies the West Bank and the Gaza Strip of the Palestinian territories, as well as the Syrian Golan Heights. Israel's western coast lies on the Mediterranean Sea, its southern tip reaching the Red Sea, and the east includes the Earth's lowest point near the Dead Sea.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
12 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 9.5Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy161 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.77years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 11.5Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.37% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female136 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 84.81years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male136 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 80.67years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 145 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 33.1Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 610.8Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita74 obs · 1 CE–2022 CE | 36.6K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Total Exports67 obs · 1948 CE–2014 CE | 69Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports67 obs · 1948 CE–2014 CE | 72.3Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance67 obs · 1948 CE–2014 CE | -3,320.1million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 68 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP130 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 8.78% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Nuclear Warhead Stockpile77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 90count2024 CE · FAS Nuclear Notebook (via OWID) |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million75 obs · 1950 CE–2024 CE | 237tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd73 obs · 1952 CE–2024 CE | 45.3Kmillions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| CINC Score69 obs · 1948 CE–2016 CE | 0.0043CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption69 obs · 1948 CE–2016 CE | 44.7Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 63 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 12.54% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 214.28TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 0.248TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 6.47% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 24.8%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0276hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 26 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 0.715index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 0.617index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 0.469index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 0.897index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity265 obs · 1948 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index77 obs · 1948 CE–2024 CE | 0.835index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production76 obs · 1926 CE–2001 CE | 43.8BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars54 obs · 1945 CE–2000 CE | 1.5Mcount2000 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Newspaper Circulation52 obs · 1948 CE–1999 CE | 1.9Mcirculation1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios52 obs · 1948 CE–1999 CE | 3,210count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles50 obs · 1945 CE–1996 CE | 279count1996 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
30 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Chaim WeizmannHead of State1948 CE – 1949 CE
- David Ben-GurionHead of State1948 CE
- David Ben-GurionHead of Government1948 CE – 1954 CE
- Joseph SprinzakHead of State1952 CE
- Yitzhak Ben-ZviHead of State1952 CE – 1963 CE
- Moshe SharettHead of Government1954 CE – 1955 CE
- Kadish LuzHead of State1963 CE
- Levi EshkolHead of Government1963 CE – 1969 CE
- Zalman ShazarHead of State1963 CE – 1973 CE
- Golda MeirHead of Government1969 CE – 1974 CE
- Ephraim KatzirHead of State1973 CE – 1978 CE
- Yizhak RabinHead of Government1974 CE – 1977 CE
- Menachem BeginHead of Government1977 CE – 1983 CE
- Isaac NavonHead of State1978 CE – 1983 CE
- Chaim HerzogHead of State1983 CE – 1993 CE
- Shimon PeresHead of Government1984 CE – 1986 CE
- Yitzhak ShamirHead of Government1986 CE – 1992 CE
- Ezer WeizmanHead of State1993 CE – 2000 CE
- Benjamin NetanyahuHead of Government1996 CE – 1999 CE
- Ehud BarakHead of Government1999 CE – 2001 CE
- Abraham BurgHead of State2000 CE
- Moshe KatsavHead of State2000 CE – 2007 CE
- Ariel SharonHead of Government2001 CE – 2006 CE
- Ehud OlmertHead of Government2006 CE – 2009 CE
- Dalia ItzikHead of State2007 CE
- Shimon PeresHead of State2007 CE – 2014 CE
- Reuven RivlinHead of State2014 CE – 2021 CE
- Isaac HerzogHead of State2021 CE –
- Naftali BennettHead of Government2021 CE – 2022 CE
- Yair LapidHead of Government2022 CE
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
- Government type
- parliamentary democracy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Isaac HERZOG (since 7 July 2021); head of government: Prime Minister Benyamin NETANYAHU (since 29 December 2022); cabinet: Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset; election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a single 7-year term;
- Ethnic groups
- Jewish 73.5% (of which Israel-born 79.7%, Europe/America/Oceania-born 14.3%, Africa-born 3.9%, Asia-born 2.1%), Arab 21.1%, other 5.4% (2022 est.)
- Natural resources
- timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand
- Economy
- high-income, technology- and industrial-based economy; economic contraction and fiscal deficits resulting from war in Gaza; labor force stabilizing following military reservist mobilization; high-tech industry remains resilient while construction and tourism among hardest-hit sectors
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Hebrew
- Currency
- new Israeli shekels (ILS)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1949 CE –
- United Kingdom–France–Israel Non-Aggression Pact (1956)Historical alliance · member1956 CE – 1956 CE
- Egypt–Israel Non-Aggression Pact (1979)Historical alliance · member1979 CE –
- United States of America–Israel Entente (1981)Historical alliance · member1981 CE – 1991 CE
- Lebanon–Israel Non-Aggression Pact (1983)Historical alliance · member1983 CE – 1984 CE
- Jordan–Israel Non-Aggression Pact (1994)Historical alliance · member1994 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
FAS Nuclear Notebook (via OWID)2024
Kristensen, H.M. et al., Federation of American Scientists Nuclear Notebook, via Our World in Data (2024).
CC BY 4.0 (OWID); underlying FAS data
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
State of Israel is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.