Polity · 1990 CE – present
Republic of Croatia
Hrvatska · Republika Hrvatska
Also recorded as Croatia
- Peak recorded area
- 52,313 km²
- 1996 CE
- Rulers on record
- 9
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 393
- 1990 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. Other major urban centers include Split, Rijeka and Osijek.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 3.8Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 78.92years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -3,481persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -0.684% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 81.95years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 75.8years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 141 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP320 obs · 1700 CE–2019 CE | 21.4Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita71 obs · 1952 CE–2022 CE | 27K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP Current Usd70 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 105.1Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Inflation40 obs · 1986 CE–2025 CE | 3.69% annual2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Generation36 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 14.53TWh2025 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Low Carbon Electricity36 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 11.04TWh2025 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Military
6 of 54 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP67 obs · 1992 CE–2025 CE | 2% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd33 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 1,565.01millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure per capita33 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 418.89usd_current2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd33 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 1.6Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Armed Forces Personnel29 obs · 1992 CE–2020 CE | 20Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million26 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 90tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
Territory & resources
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 15.51% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 34.79% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 88.1Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 18.68mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 4.83t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 3.92mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Largest Govt Party Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 37.3percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Opposition Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 24.87percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 143seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Government Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 68count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Opposition Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 51count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Electoral Democracy Index38 obs · 1941 CE–2024 CE | 0.723index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 54 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 117.11per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Hospital Beds Per 100044 obs · 1980 CE–2023 CE | 5.6per_10002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 3.05%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Freedom Of Expression Index38 obs · 1941 CE–2024 CE | 0.786index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Physicians Per 100038 obs · 1980 CE–2022 CE | 3.91per_10002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Access %34 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
9 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Franjo TuđmanHead of State1990 CE – 1999 CE
- Stjepan MesićHead of Government1990 CE
- Stjepan MesićHead of State2000 CE – 2010 CE
- Ivo JosipovićHead of State2010 CE – 2015 CE
- Zoran MilanovićHead of Government2011 CE – 2016 CE
- Kolinda Grabar-KitarovićHead of State2015 CE – 2020 CE
- Andrej PlenkovićHead of Government2016 CE –
- Tihomir OreškovićHead of Government2016 CE
- Zoran MilanovićHead of State2020 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020); head of government: Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly;
- Ethnic groups
- Croat 91.6%, Serb 3.2%, other 3.9% (including Bosniak, Romani, Albanian, Italian, and Hungarian), unspecified 1.3% (2021 est.)
- Natural resources
- oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
- Economy
- upper-middle-income Balkan economy; newest euro user (introduced in 2023); increased investments from EU structural funds and tourism sector contributing to strong but moderating economic growth; declining energy prices and restrictive monetary policy easing inflation;
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Croatian
- Currency
- euros (EUR)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1992 CE –
- Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1992 CE – 1999 CE
- Croatia–Turkey Non-Aggression Pact (1994)Historical alliance · member1994 CE –
- Croatia–Yugoslavia–Bosnia and Herzegovina Non-Aggression Pact (1995)Historical alliance · member1995 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member2009 CE –
- European UnionEUEconomic bloc · member2013 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Croatia is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.