Polity · 1812 CE – present
Republic of Chile
Chile · República de Chile · República de Chile
Also recorded as Chile
- Peak recorded area
- 817,191 km²
- 1905 CE
- Rulers on record
- 7
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 460
- 1812 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, extending along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. According to the 2024 census, Chile had an enumerated population of 18.5 million.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
16 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 64 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population346 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 19.9Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Urban Population178 obs · 1839 CE–2016 CE | 9.5Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 81.54years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 51.7Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.451% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 83.37years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 151 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 26.6Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita214 obs · 1800 CE–2022 CE | 22.7K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Total Exports145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 76.6Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 72.3Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 4,301.34million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 149Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 70 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score178 obs · 1839 CE–2016 CE | 0.0025CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption178 obs · 1839 CE–2016 CE | 49.5Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production178 obs · 1839 CE–2016 CE | 1.2Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel172 obs · 1839 CE–2016 CE | 65Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP140 obs · 1950 CE–2024 CE | 1.58% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure102 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 3.3Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 83 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 1.89% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 13.51TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 13.12TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 3.19TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 25.01% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 14.4%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.945index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Electoral Democracy Index233 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.844index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index233 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.787index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index233 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.594index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2195 obs · 1818 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 64 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.923index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Radios150 obs · 1818 CE–1999 CE | 5,340count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km131 obs · 1860 CE–1999 CE | 4,923km1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage124 obs · 1853 CE–1991 CE | 618gross tons1991 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items87 obs · 1887 CE–1993 CE | 258items1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph86 obs · 1887 CE–1993 CE | 1.7count1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
7 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Patricio AylwinHead of State1990 CE – 1994 CE
- Eduardo Frei Ruiz-TagleHead of State1994 CE – 2000 CE
- Ricardo LagosHead of State2000 CE – 2006 CE
- Michelle BacheletHead of State2006 CE – 2010 CE
- Sebastián PiñeraHead of State2010 CE – 2014 CE
- Gabriel BoricHead of State2022 CE – 2026 CE
- José Antonio KastHead of State2026 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Gabriel BORIC (since 11 March 2022); head of government: President Gabriel BORIC (since 11 March 2022); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term
- Ethnic groups
- White and non-Indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other Indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 est.)
- Natural resources
- copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower
- Economy
- export-driven economy; leading copper producer; though hit by COVID-19, fairly quick rebound from increased liquidity and rapid vaccine rollouts; decreasing poverty but still lingering inequality; public debt rising but still manageable; recent political violence has had negative economic consequences
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- Chilean pesos (CLP)
Memberships
- 4-member Defense Pact (1865)Military alliance · member1865 CE – 1871 CE
- 21-member Entente (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1945 CE
- 20-member Defense Pact (1945)Military alliance · member1945 CE – 1947 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE –
- Chile–Argentina Non-Aggression Pact (1979)Historical alliance · member1979 CE –
- Chile–Argentina Non-Aggression Pact (1984)Historical alliance · member1984 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Chile is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.