Polity · 1783 CE – 1931 CE
Rattanakosin Kingdom
อาณาจักรรัตนโกสินทร์
- Peak recorded area
- 672,470 km²
- 1885 CE
- Rulers on record
- 1
- from 1786 CE
- Data series
- 64
- 1789 CE–1931 CE
Overview
The Rattanakosin Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Siam after 1855, refers to the Siamese kingdom between 1782 and 1932. It was founded in 1782 with the establishment of Rattanakosin (Bangkok), which replaced the city of Thonburi as the capital of Siam. This article covers the period until the Siamese revolution of 1932.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
22 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 5 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1931 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 14 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 12.7Mpersons1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 998Kpersons1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| City Pop Bangkok9 obs · 1800 CE–1925 CE | 375Kpersons1925 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Ayutthaya8 obs · 1600 CE–1855 CE | 30Kpersons1855 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| Height Men8 obs · 1860 CE–1930 CE | 161.9cm1930 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Urbanization Ratio5 obs · 1600 CE–1900 CE | 0.0793ratio1900 CE · Clio-Infra |
Economy
6 of 11 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP132 obs · 1800 CE–1931 CE | 1,120int'l $ (inflation adj.)1931 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 49.44million USD (current)1931 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 42.19million USD (current)1931 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 7.25million USD (current)1931 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 91.63million USD (current)1931 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Income Inequality Gini6 obs · 1820 CE–1929 CE | 47.12gini (0-1)1929 CE · Clio-Infra |
Military
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 0.0035CINC (share of world capability)1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 0coal-ton equivalents1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 0tons1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel45 obs · 1887 CE–1931 CE | 30Kpersons1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure18 obs · 1914 CE–1931 CE | 6.4Mcurrent USD1931 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP14 obs · 1899 CE–1913 CE | 1.2Mcurrent GBP1913 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production32 obs · 1900 CE–1931 CE | 0TWh1931 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production32 obs · 1900 CE–1931 CE | 0TWh1931 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production32 obs · 1900 CE–1931 CE | 0TWh1931 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Polity Territory | 5.71score1800 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Territory km² | 513.1Ksq km1782 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
Governance
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index143 obs · 1789 CE–1931 CE | 0.028index (0-1)1931 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index143 obs · 1789 CE–1931 CE | 0.011index (0-1)1931 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index143 obs · 1789 CE–1931 CE | 0.171index (0-1)1931 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2132 obs · 1800 CE–1931 CE | -10index (-10 to 10)1931 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Liberal Democracy Index32 obs · 1900 CE–1931 CE | 0.068index (0-1)1931 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type32 obs · 1900 CE–1931 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)1931 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 18 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index143 obs · 1789 CE–1931 CE | 0.15index (0-1)1931 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Radios99 obs · 1815 CE–1913 CE | 0count1913 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km79 obs · 1853 CE–1931 CE | 2,923km1931 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km61 obs · 1854 CE–1930 CE | 267passenger-km1930 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items22 obs · 1910 CE–1931 CE | 13items1931 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph22 obs · 1910 CE–1931 CE | 0.277count1931 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
1 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Anurak Devesh, Deputy Viceroy of RattanakosinRear Palace1786 CE – 1806 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Thai
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
Seshat Equinox 2020Equinox 2020
Turchin, P. et al. Seshat Global History Databank, Equinox 2020 release.
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Rattanakosin Kingdom is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.