Polity · 1932 CE – present
Kingdom of Thailand
ราชอาณาจักรไทย · ประเทศไทย · Ratcha Anachak Thai
Also recorded as Thailand
- Peak recorded area
- 522,265 km²
- 1942 CE
- Rulers on record
- 60
- from 1868 CE
- Data series
- 467
- 1932 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, and formerly known as Siam until 1939, is a country located in mainland Southeast Asia. It shares land borders with Myanmar to the west and northwest, Laos to the east and northeast, Cambodia to the southeast, and Malaysia to the south. Its maritime boundaries include the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, as well as maritime borders with Vietnam, Indonesia, and India.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
9 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population234 obs · 1932 CE–2025 CE | 71.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 76.82years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 27.5Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -0.075% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 81.17years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 72.65years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 174 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 577Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita PPP88 obs · 1932 CE–2019 CE | 17.3Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports83 obs · 1932 CE–2014 CE | 225.2Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports83 obs · 1932 CE–2014 CE | 228.2Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance83 obs · 1932 CE–2014 CE | -2,958.51million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness83 obs · 1932 CE–2014 CE | 453.4Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 68 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score85 obs · 1932 CE–2016 CE | 0.0091CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption85 obs · 1932 CE–2016 CE | 227.2Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production85 obs · 1932 CE–2016 CE | 3.8Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure81 obs · 1932 CE–2016 CE | 5.7Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel79 obs · 1932 CE–2016 CE | 361Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 1.08% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Territory & resources
6 of 73 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 31% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 36.74TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 285.44TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 144.11TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 38.69% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 43.8%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 30 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 0.389index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 0.289index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 0.186index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 0.389index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity280 obs · 1932 CE–2012 CE | 7index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index93 obs · 1932 CE–2024 CE | 0.525index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production63 obs · 1938 CE–2001 CE | 102BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars61 obs · 1932 CE–1997 CE | 2.2Mcount1997 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km61 obs · 1932 CE–1993 CE | 14.6Kpassenger-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles60 obs · 1932 CE–1997 CE | 3,379count1997 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm58 obs · 1936 CE–1993 CE | 3,059tonne-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
60 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Chulalongkorn the GreatKing of Thailand1868 CE – 1910 CE
- VajiravudhKing of Thailand1910 CE – 1925 CE
- PrajadhipokKing of Thailand1925 CE – 1935 CE
- Phraya Manopakorn NitithadaPrime Minister of Thailand1932 CE – 1933 CE
- Phraya PhahonphonphayuhasenaPrime Minister of Thailand1933 CE – 1938 CE
- Ananda MahidolKing of Thailand1935 CE – 1946 CE
- Plaek PhibunsongkhramPrime Minister of Thailand1938 CE – 1944 CE
- Adul AduldejarajDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand1943 CE – 1944 CE
- Khuang AphaiwongPrime Minister of Thailand1944 CE – 1945 CE
- Bhumibol AdulyadejKing of Thailand1946 CE – 2016 CE
- Pridi BanomyongPrime Minister of Thailand1946 CE
- Thawan ThamrongnawasawatPrime Minister of Thailand1946 CE – 1947 CE
- Phin ChoonhavanDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand1951 CE – 1956 CE
- Pote SarasinPrime Minister of Thailand1957 CE
- Sarit ThanaratPrime Minister of Thailand1958 CE – 1963 CE
- Thanom KittikachornPrime Minister of Thailand1958 CE
- Thanom KittikachornDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand1959 CE – 1963 CE
- Prakob HutasinghDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand1974 CE – 1975 CE
- Thanin KraiwichianPrime Minister of Thailand1976 CE – 1977 CE
- Kriangsak ChamananPrime Minister of Thailand1977 CE – 1980 CE
- Prem TinsulanondaPrime Minister of Thailand1980 CE – 1988 CE
- Prachuab SoontarangkulDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand1981 CE – 1986 CE
- Chatchai ChunhawanPrime Minister of Thailand1988 CE – 1991 CE
- Anand PanyarachunPrime Minister of Thailand1991 CE – 1992 CE
- Chuan LeekpaiPrime Minister of Thailand1992 CE – 1995 CE
- Suchinda KraprayoonPrime Minister of Thailand1992 CE
- Banhan Sinlapa-achaPrime Minister of Thailand1995 CE – 1996 CE
- Thaksin ShinawatraDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand1995 CE – 1996 CE
- Chawalit YongchaiyutPrime Minister of Thailand1996 CE – 1997 CE
- Somkid JatusripitakDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2001 CE – 2002 CE
- Thaksin ShinawatraPrime Minister of Thailand2001 CE – 2006 CE
- Wissanu Krea-ngamDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2002 CE – 2006 CE
- Sonthi BoonyaratglinPrime Minister of Thailand2006 CE
- Sonthi BoonyaratglinDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2006 CE – 2008 CE
- Surayud ChulanontPrime Minister of Thailand2006 CE – 2008 CE
- Abhisit VejjajivaPrime Minister of Thailand2008 CE – 2011 CE
- Chaovarat ChanweerakulPrime Minister of Thailand2008 CE
- Chaovarat ChanweerakulDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2008 CE
- Samak SundaravejPrime Minister of Thailand2008 CE
- Somchai WongsawatPrime Minister of Thailand2008 CE
- Somchai WongsawatDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2008 CE
- Yingluck ShinawatraPrime Minister of Thailand2011 CE – 2014 CE
- Niwatthamrong BoonsongpaisanDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2013 CE – 2014 CE
- Prawit WongsuwonDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2014 CE – 2023 CE
- Prayut ChanochaPrime Minister of Thailand2014 CE – 2023 CE
- VajiralongkornHead of State2016 CE –
- Anutin CharnvirakulDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2019 CE – 2025 CE
- Jurin LaksanavisithDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2019 CE – 2023 CE
- Don PramudwinaiDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2020 CE – 2023 CE
- Supattanapong PunmeechaowDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2020 CE – 2023 CE
- Prawit WongsuwonPrime Minister of Thailand2022 CE
- Phumtham WechayachaiDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2023 CE –
- Pirapan SalirathvibhagaDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2023 CE –
- Srettha ThavisinPrime Minister of Thailand2023 CE – 2024 CE
- Paetongtarn ShinawatraHead of Government2024 CE –
- Anutin CharnvirakulPrime Minister of Thailand2025 CE –
- Phumtham WechayachaiHead of Government2025 CE –
- Pipat RatchakitprakarnDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2025 CE –
- Sophon ZaramDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand2025 CE –
- Suriya JungrungreangkitPrime Minister of Thailand2025 CE
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
- Government type
- constitutional monarchy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King WACHIRALONGKON; also spelled Vajiralongkorn (since 1 December 2016); head of government: Prime Minister ANUTIN Charnvirakul (since 5 Sep 2025); cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the king; a Privy Council advises the king;
- Ethnic groups
- Thai 97.5%, Burmese 1.3%, other 1.1%, unspecified <0.1% (2015 est.)
- Natural resources
- tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
- Economy
- upper middle-income Southeast Asian economy; substantial infrastructure; major electronics, food, and automobile parts exporter; globally used currency; extremely low unemployment; ongoing Thailand 4.0 economic development
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Thai only
- Currency
- baht
Memberships
- Japan–Thailand Non-Aggression Pact (1940)Historical alliance · member1940 CE – 1941 CE
- United Kingdom–Thailand Non-Aggression Pact (1940)Historical alliance · member1940 CE – 1940 CE
- Japan–Thailand Defense Pact (1941)Military alliance · member1941 CE – 1945 CE
- Axis PowersHistorical alliance · member1942 CE – 1945 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1946 CE –
- SEATOSEATOMilitary alliance · founding member1954 CE – 1977 CE
- 8-member Entente (1954)Historical alliance · member1954 CE – 1977 CE
- 13-member Non-Aggression Pact (1962)Historical alliance · member1962 CE – 1964 CE
- ASEANASEANEconomic bloc · founding member1967 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Kingdom of Thailand is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.