Polity · 1925 CE – 1946 CE
Nazi Germany
Deutsches Reich · NS-Staat
- Peak recorded area
- 3,307,740 km²
- 1943 CE
- Rulers on record
- 9
- from 1925 CE
- Data series
- 56
- 1936 CE–1946 CE
Overview
Nazi Germany, officially the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and the German Empire (1871–1918).
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
8 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1946 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 12 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population11 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 64.7Mpersons1946 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Urban Population10 obs · 1936 CE–1945 CE | 23.6Mpersons1945 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Community Size | 8ordinal1940 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Height Men | 175.2cm1940 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Infant Mortality | 64per 1000 live births1940 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Life Expectancy | 60.51years1946 CE · Clio-Infra |
Economy
6 of 9 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita11 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 3,5342011 int'l $1946 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP11 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 4,350int'l $ (inflation adj.)1946 CE · Gapminder |
| Agriculture Intensity | 5ordinal1940 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Subsistence Agriculture | 7ordinal1940 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Subsistence Fishing | 0ordinal1940 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Subsistence Gathering | 0ordinal1940 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Military
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score10 obs · 1936 CE–1945 CE | 0.0799CINC (share of world capability)1945 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption10 obs · 1936 CE–1945 CE | 133.1Mcoal-ton equivalents1945 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production10 obs · 1936 CE–1945 CE | 10Mtons1945 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure10 obs · 1936 CE–1945 CE | 10.6Bcurrent USD1945 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel10 obs · 1936 CE–1945 CE | 5.3Mpersons1945 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Battle Count | 1battles1944 CE · Historical Conflict Events Dataset (HCED v3) |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production11 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 819.84TWh1946 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production11 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 2.35TWh1946 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production11 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 7.56TWh1946 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
6 of 7 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 0.072index (0-1)1944 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 0.011index (0-1)1944 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 0.033index (0-1)1944 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity29 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | -9index (-10 to 10)1944 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)1944 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 0.193index (0-1)1944 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 17 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 0.041index (0-1)1944 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production9 obs · 1936 CE–1944 CE | 73.9BGWh1944 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Aviation Passenger Km7 obs · 1936 CE–1946 CE | 0passenger-km1946 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items6 obs · 1936 CE–1941 CE | 8,288items1941 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph6 obs · 1936 CE–1941 CE | 35.9count1941 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telephones6 obs · 1936 CE–1941 CE | 5Mcount1941 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
9 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Paul von HindenburgHead of State1925 CE – 1934 CE
- Dr. Georg KraftMayor of Clausthal-Zellerfeld1933 CE – 1934 CE
- Adolf HitlerHead of State1934 CE – 1945 CE
- Dr. Paul WarmboldMayor of Clausthal-Zellerfeld1934 CE – 1946 CE
- Karl DönitzHead of State1945 CE
- Lutz Graf Schwerin von KrosigkChancellor of Germany1945 CE
- August KühnMayor of Clausthal-Zellerfeld1946 CE
- Benno BonitzMayor of Clausthal-Zellerfeld1946 CE
- Dr. SchmiedebergMayor of Clausthal-Zellerfeld1946 CE – 1948 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- German
- Currency
- Reichsmark
Memberships
- 5-member Non-Aggression Pact (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1939 CE
- France–Germany Entente (1938)Historical alliance · member1938 CE – 1939 CE
- Germany–Denmark Non-Aggression Pact (1939)Historical alliance · member1939 CE – 1940 CE
- Germany–Estonia Non-Aggression Pact (1939)Historical alliance · member1939 CE – 1940 CE
- Germany–Italy Defense Pact (1939)Military alliance · member1939 CE – 1943 CE
- Germany–Latvia Non-Aggression Pact (1939)Historical alliance · member1939 CE – 1940 CE
- Germany–Russia Non-Aggression Pact (1939)Historical alliance · member1939 CE – 1941 CE
- Axis PowersHistorical alliance · founding member1940 CE – 1945 CE
- 6-member Defense Pact (1940)Military alliance · member1940 CE – 1941 CE
- Germany–Turkey Non-Aggression Pact (1941)Historical alliance · member1941 CE – 1945 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock)Ethnographic Atlas (D-PLACE 2.3)
Kirby, K.R. et al. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7).
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Historical Conflict Events Dataset (HCED v3)v3
Brecke, P. Conflict Catalog (Historical Conflict Events Dataset), digitized v3.
Academic use, attribution
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Nazi Germany is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.