Polity · 1147 CE – 1911 CE
Kingdom of Portugal
Reino de Portugal
- Peak recorded area
- 1,943,110 km²
- 1895 CE
- Rulers on record
- 69
- from 1139 CE
- Data series
- 47
- 1147 CE–1910 CE
Overview
The Kingdom of Portugal was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between the mid-12th century and the early 20th century, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves after 1471, and was the main constituent of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, which existed between 1815 and 1822. It coexisted with the Portuguese Empire, the realm's overseas colonies.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
69 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1911 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 13 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population95 obs · 1000 CE–1910 CE | 5.9Mpersons1910 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Urban Population95 obs · 1816 CE–1910 CE | 612Kpersons1910 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| City Pop Lisbon29 obs · 1000 CE–1900 CE | 363Kpersons1900 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| Height Men20 obs · 1720 CE–1910 CE | 164.49cm1910 CE · Clio-Infra |
| City Pop Oporto11 obs · 1383 CE–1900 CE | 175Kpersons1900 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| Urbanization Ratio8 obs · 1500 CE–1900 CE | 0.3398ratio1900 CE · Clio-Infra |
Economy
6 of 10 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita369 obs · 1530 CE–1910 CE | 1,9572011 int'l $1910 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP211 obs · 1700 CE–1910 CE | 2,299int'l $ (inflation adj.)1910 CE · Gapminder |
| Income Inequality Gini5 obs · 1820 CE–1910 CE | 45.98gini (0-1)1910 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Agriculture Intensity2 obs · 1900 CE–1910 CE | 3ordinal1910 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Subsistence Agriculture2 obs · 1900 CE–1910 CE | 5ordinal1910 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Subsistence Fishing2 obs · 1900 CE–1910 CE | 1ordinal1910 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Military
6 of 7 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score95 obs · 1816 CE–1910 CE | 0.0041CINC (share of world capability)1910 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption95 obs · 1816 CE–1910 CE | 1.2Mcoal-ton equivalents1910 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production95 obs · 1816 CE–1910 CE | 0tons1910 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel95 obs · 1816 CE–1910 CE | 39Kpersons1910 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP76 obs · 1835 CE–1910 CE | 2.5Mcurrent GBP1910 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Battle Count | 1battles1513 CE · Historical Conflict Events Dataset (HCED v3) |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production11 obs · 1900 CE–1910 CE | 0.065TWh1910 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index122 obs · 1789 CE–1910 CE | 0.163index (0-1)1910 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index122 obs · 1789 CE–1910 CE | 0.102index (0-1)1910 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index122 obs · 1789 CE–1910 CE | 0.633index (0-1)1910 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity297 obs · 1800 CE–1910 CE | 5index (-10 to 10)1910 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Liberal Democracy Index78 obs · 1833 CE–1910 CE | 0.139index (0-1)1910 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type11 obs · 1900 CE–1910 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)1910 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index122 obs · 1789 CE–1910 CE | 0.631index (0-1)1910 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Radios96 obs · 1815 CE–1910 CE | 0count1910 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km82 obs · 1825 CE–1910 CE | 2,546km1910 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph39 obs · 1868 CE–1910 CE | 1.09count1910 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items33 obs · 1878 CE–1910 CE | 112items1910 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Numeracy18 obs · 1520 CE–1910 CE | 96.15ABCC index1910 CE · Clio-Infra |
Rulers
69 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Afonso I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1139 CE – 1185 CE
- Sancho I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1185 CE – 1211 CE
- Afonso II of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1211 CE – 1223 CE
- Sancho II of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1223 CE – 1247 CE
- Afonso III of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1248 CE – 1279 CE
- Denis I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1279 CE – 1325 CE
- Afonso IV of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1325 CE – 1357 CE
- Peter I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1357 CE – 1367 CE
- Ferdinand I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1367 CE – 1383 CE
- John I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1385 CE – 1433 CE
- Edward I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1433 CE – 1438 CE
- Afonso V of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1438 CE – 1481 CE
- Jahan Shahshah1438 CE – 1467 CE
- John II of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1477 CE
- Manuel I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1495 CE – 1521 CE
- John III of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1521 CE – 1557 CE
- Sebastian of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1557 CE – 1578 CE
- Henry I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1578 CE – 1580 CE
- António, Prior of CratoMonarch of Portugal1580 CE
- Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Albaviceroy of Portugal1580 CE – 1582 CE
- Philip II of SpainMonarch of Portugal1580 CE – 1598 CE
- Albert VII, Archduke of Austriaviceroy of Portugal1583 CE – 1593 CE
- Philip III of SpainMonarch of Portugal1598 CE – 1621 CE
- Cristóvão de Mouraviceroy of Portugal1600 CE – 1603 CE
- Miguel de Castroviceroy of Portugal1615 CE – 1617 CE
- Philip IV of SpainMonarch of Portugal1621 CE – 1640 CE
- Diogo de Castroviceroy of Portugal1633 CE – 1634 CE
- Margaret of Savoyviceroy of Portugal1634 CE – 1640 CE
- John IV of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1640 CE – 1656 CE
- Afonso VI of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1656 CE – 1683 CE
- Peter II of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1683 CE – 1706 CE
- John V of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1706 CE – 1750 CE
- Mahmud Hotakishah1722 CE – 1725 CE
- Ashraf Hotakishah1725 CE – 1729 CE
- Nader Shahshah1736 CE – 1747 CE
- Adil Shahshah1747 CE – 1748 CE
- Ibrahim Afsharshah1748 CE
- Shahrukh Afsharshah1748 CE – 1749 CE
- Suleiman II of Persiashah1749 CE – 1750 CE
- José I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1750 CE – 1777 CE
- Karim Khan zandshah1751 CE – 1779 CE
- Maria I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1777 CE – 1816 CE
- Abol Fath Khanshah1779 CE
- Mohammad Ali Khanshah1779 CE
- Sadiq Khan Zandshah1779 CE – 1781 CE
- Ali Murad Khanshah1781 CE – 1785 CE
- Jafar Khanshah1785 CE – 1789 CE
- Agha Mohammad Khan Qajarshah1789 CE – 1797 CE
- Lotf Ali Khanshah1789 CE – 1794 CE
- Sayed Murad Khanshah1789 CE
- Fath-Ali Shah Qajarshah1797 CE – 1834 CE
- John VI of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1816 CE – 1826 CE
- Maria II of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1826 CE – 1828 CE
- Pedro I of BrazilMonarch of Portugal1826 CE
- Miguel I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1828 CE – 1834 CE
- Mohammad Shah Qajarshah1834 CE – 1848 CE
- Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of PalmelaPrime Minister of Portugal1834 CE – 1835 CE
- Naser al-Din Shah Qajarshah1848 CE – 1896 CE
- Pedro V of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1853 CE – 1861 CE
- Luís I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1861 CE – 1889 CE
- António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and BolamaPrime Minister of Portugal1868 CE
- Carlos I of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1889 CE – 1908 CE
- Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajarshah1896 CE – 1907 CE
- Mohammad Ali Shah Qajarshah1907 CE – 1909 CE
- Manuel II of PortugalMonarch of Portugal1908 CE – 1910 CE
- Ahmad Shah Qajarshah1909 CE – 1925 CE
- Teófilo BragaPrime Minister of Portugal1910 CE – 1911 CE
- Augusto de VasconcelosPrime Minister of Portugal1911 CE – 1912 CE
- João Pinheiro ChagasPrime Minister of Portugal1911 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Portuguese
- Currency
- Portuguese dinheiro, Portuguese real
Memberships
- United Kingdom–Portugal Defense Pact (1386)Military alliance · member1816 CE –
- 4-member Defense Pact (1834)Military alliance · member1834 CE – 1839 CE
- 4-member Defense Pact (1847)Military alliance · member1847 CE – 1847 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock)Ethnographic Atlas (D-PLACE 2.3)
Kirby, K.R. et al. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7).
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Historical Conflict Events Dataset (HCED v3)v3
Brecke, P. Conflict Catalog (Historical Conflict Events Dataset), digitized v3.
Academic use, attribution
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Kingdom of Portugal is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.