Polity · 1947 CE – present
Hungary
Magyarország · Magyarorszag
- Peak recorded area
- 92,278 km²
- 1990 CE
- Rulers on record
- 9
- from 1989 CE
- Data series
- 406
- 1947 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary lies within the drainage basin of the Danube River and is dominated by great lowland plains. It has a population of 9.6 million, consisting mostly of ethnic Hungarians (Magyars) and a significant Romani minority.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
6 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 6 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 68 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population253 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 9.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 77.33years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -16.3Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -0.628% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 80.46years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 74.07years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 147 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP200 obs · 1820 CE–2019 CE | 25.7Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd104 obs · 1968 CE–2025 CE | 246.5Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita102 obs · 1870 CE–2022 CE | 29.5K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Total Exports97 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | 107.9Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports97 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | 103.1Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance97 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | 4,811.49million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 41 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score99 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 0.0011CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption99 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 36Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production99 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 1.3Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure94 obs · 1919 CE–2016 CE | 996Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel93 obs · 1919 CE–2016 CE | 27Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure Usd65 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 4.7Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Territory & resources
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 45.41% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 7.38TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 18.4TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 12.58TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 22.45% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 55.7%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 26 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.436index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.318index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.273index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.577index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2144 obs · 1867 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 63 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.493index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Mail Items135 obs · 1849 CE–1993 CE | 1,909items1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph120 obs · 1868 CE–1993 CE | 7.6count1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm94 obs · 1888 CE–1993 CE | 7,708tonne-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km93 obs · 1888 CE–1993 CE | 8,432passenger-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Electricity Production74 obs · 1923 CE–2001 CE | 36.4BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
9 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Mátyás SzűrösHead of State1989 CE – 1990 CE
- Árpád GönczHead of State1990 CE
- Ferenc MádlHead of State2000 CE – 2005 CE
- László SólyomHead of State2005 CE – 2010 CE
- Pál SchmittHead of State2010 CE – 2012 CE
- Viktor OrbánHead of Government2010 CE –
- János ÁderHead of State2012 CE – 2022 CE
- Katalin NovákHead of State2022 CE – 2024 CE
- Tamás SulyokHead of State2024 CE –
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Hungarian
- Currency
- forint (HUF)
Memberships
- Hungary–Turkey Non-Aggression Pact (1929)Historical alliance · member1929 CE – 1945 CE
- Austria–Hungary–Italy Entente (1934)Historical alliance · member1934 CE – 1938 CE
- 5-member Non-Aggression Pact (1936)Historical alliance · member1939 CE – 1939 CE
- 6-member Defense Pact (1940)Military alliance · member1940 CE – 1941 CE
- Axis PowersHistorical alliance · member1940 CE – 1945 CE
- Hungary–Yugoslavia Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE – 1949 CE
- Hungary–Russia Defense Pact (1948)Military alliance · member1948 CE – 1989 CE
- Poland–Hungary Defense Pact (1948)Military alliance · member1948 CE – 1989 CE
- Hungary–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1948)Military alliance · member1948 CE – 1989 CE
- Hungary–Romania Defense Pact (1948)Military alliance · member1948 CE – 1989 CE
- Hungary–Czechoslovakia Defense Pact (1949)Military alliance · member1949 CE – 1989 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1955 CE –
- Warsaw PactWPMilitary alliance · founding member1955 CE – 1991 CE
- 8-member Defense Pact (1955)Military alliance · member1955 CE – 1956 CE
- German Democratic Republic–Hungary Defense Pact (1967)Military alliance · member1967 CE – 1989 CE
- Hungary–Angola Non-Aggression Pact (1981)Historical alliance · member1981 CE – 1989 CE
- Hungary–Ukraine Non-Aggression Pact (1991)Historical alliance · member1991 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1949)Military alliance · member1999 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member1999 CE –
- European UnionEUEconomic bloc · member2004 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0