Polity · 1987 CE – present
Federative Republic of Brazil
República Federativa do Brasil · República Federativa do Brasil · Brasil
Also recorded as Brazil
- Peak recorded area
- 8,530,590 km²
- 1987 CE
- Rulers on record
- 40
- from 1930 CE
- Data series
- 489
- 1987 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is also the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh-largest by population, with over 213 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 states and a Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population142 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 212.8Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy128 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 76.2years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth104 obs · 1961 CE–2025 CE | 0.366% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration77 obs · 1987 CE–2025 CE | -217.3Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female76 obs · 1987 CE–2025 CE | 79.3years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male76 obs · 1987 CE–2025 CE | 73.14years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 164 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd105 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 2.3Tcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agriculture % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 6.09% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Industry % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 20.15% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Services % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 59.74% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fuel Imports % Merchandise61 obs · 1962 CE–2023 CE | 15.45%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fuel Exports % Merchandise60 obs · 1962 CE–2023 CE | 16.24%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 68 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 0.9728% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Usd65 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 20.9Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Armed Forces Personnel33 obs · 1985 CE–2020 CE | 762Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score30 obs · 1987 CE–2016 CE | 0.0233CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption30 obs · 1987 CE–2016 CE | 354.1Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production30 obs · 1987 CE–2016 CE | 31.3Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 114 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %100 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 6.66% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 58.98% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 8.5Msq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Proved Reserves M341 obs · 1980 CE–2020 CE | 348.5Bm32020 CE · Energy Institute Statistical Review |
| Oil Proved Reserves Tonnes41 obs · 1980 CE–2020 CE | 1.6Btonnes2020 CE · Energy Institute Statistical Review |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 491.47mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 24 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 0.801index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 0.712index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 0.548index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 0.845index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Checks And Balances37 obs · 1987 CE–2023 CE | 4count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Patent Applications42 obs · 1980 CE–2021 CE | 4,666applications2021 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 91%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Freedom Of Expression Index38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 0.929index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Measles Immunization %38 obs · 1987 CE–2024 CE | 93%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10037 obs · 1987 CE–2023 CE | 101.02per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance37 obs · 1987 CE–2023 CE | 66.91%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
Rulers
40 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Getúlio VargasPresident of Brazil1930 CE – 1945 CE
- José LinharesPresident of Brazil1945 CE – 1946 CE
- Eurico Gaspar DutraPresident of Brazil1946 CE – 1951 CE
- Nereu RamosVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1946 CE – 1951 CE
- Café FilhoVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1951 CE – 1954 CE
- Café FilhoPresident of Brazil1954 CE – 1955 CE
- Carlos LuzPresident of Brazil1955 CE
- Nereu RamosPresident of Brazil1955 CE – 1956 CE
- João GoulartVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1956 CE – 1961 CE
- Juscelino KubitschekPresident of Brazil1956 CE – 1961 CE
- Jânio QuadrosPresident of Brazil1961 CE
- João GoulartPresident of Brazil1961 CE – 1964 CE
- Pascoal Ranieri MazzilliPresident of Brazil1961 CE
- Humberto Castelo BrancoPresident of Brazil1964 CE – 1967 CE
- José Maria AlkminVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1964 CE – 1967 CE
- Artur da Costa e SilvaPresident of Brazil1967 CE – 1969 CE
- Pedro AleixoVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1967 CE – 1969 CE
- 1969 Provisional Governing Board of BrazilPresident of Brazil1969 CE
- Augusto RademakerVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1969 CE – 1974 CE
- Emílio Garrastazu MédiciPresident of Brazil1969 CE – 1974 CE
- Adalberto Pereira dos SantosVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1974 CE – 1979 CE
- Ernesto GeiselPresident of Brazil1974 CE – 1979 CE
- Aureliano ChavesVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1979 CE – 1985 CE
- João FigueiredoPresident of Brazil1979 CE – 1985 CE
- José SarneyVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1985 CE
- José SarneyPresident of Brazil1985 CE – 1990 CE
- Fernando Collor de MelloHead of State1990 CE – 1992 CE
- Itamar FrancoVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1990 CE – 1992 CE
- Itamar FrancoHead of State1992 CE – 1994 CE
- Fernando Henrique CardosoHead of State1995 CE – 2002 CE
- Marco MacielVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil1995 CE – 1998 CE
- José AlencarVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil2003 CE – 2006 CE
- Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaHead of State2003 CE – 2010 CE
- Dilma RousseffHead of State2011 CE – 2016 CE
- Michel TemerVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil2011 CE – 2016 CE
- Michel TemerHead of State2016 CE – 2019 CE
- Hamilton MourãoVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil2019 CE – 2022 CE
- Jair BolsonaroPresident2019 CE – 2023 CE
- Geraldo AlckminVice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil2023 CE – 2026 CE
- Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaPresident2023 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
- Government type
- federal presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023); head of government: President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- mixed 45.3%, White 43.5%, Black 10.2%, Indigenous 0.6%, Asian 0.4% (2022 est.)
- Natural resources
- alumina, bauxite, beryllium, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, niobium, phosphates, platinum, tantalum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
- Economy
- upper-middle-income, largest Latin American economy; Mercosur, BRICS, G20 member and OECD accession candidate; growth driven by strong domestic consumption; monetary tightening helping curb inflation rate; high inequality in income and access to health and education
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Portuguese, Portuguese
- Currency
- reals (BRL), Brazilian real (BRL), Brazilian cruzeiro real (BRR), cruzeiro (BRE), Brazilian cruzado novo (BRN), Brazilian cruzado (BRC)
Memberships
- League of NationsLoNInternational organisation · founding member1920 CE – 1926 CE
- Allied Powers (WWII)Historical alliance · member1942 CE – 1945 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- MercosurMERCOSUREconomic bloc · founding member1991 CE –
- G20G20Political union · founding member1999 CE –
- BRICSBRICSEconomic bloc · founding member2009 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Energy Institute Statistical Review2024 (73rd edition)
Energy Institute (2024). Statistical Review of World Energy 2024.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Federative Republic of Brazil is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.