Polity · 1992 CE – present
Czech Republic
Česko · Česká republika · Ceska republika
Also recorded as Czechia
- Peak recorded area
- 80,272 km²
- 1992 CE
- Rulers on record
- 17
- from 1993 CE
- Data series
- 391
- 1992 CE–2025 CE
Overview
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 10.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 80.11years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -112.2Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -1.34% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.85years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 77.35years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 142 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 31.5Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd67 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 391Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Low Carbon Electricity61 obs · 1965 CE–2025 CE | 44.67TWh2025 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Nuclear Electricity61 obs · 1965 CE–2025 CE | 31.94TWh2025 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Renewables Electricity61 obs · 1965 CE–2025 CE | 12.73TWh2025 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Energy per capita60 obs · 1965 CE–2024 CE | 36.6KkWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Military
6 of 39 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP65 obs · 1993 CE–2025 CE | 2% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd32 obs · 1993 CE–2024 CE | 6,676.02millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure per capita32 obs · 1993 CE–2024 CE | 604.61usd_current2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd32 obs · 1993 CE–2024 CE | 6.5Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Armed Forces Personnel28 obs · 1993 CE–2020 CE | 27Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million26 obs · 1995 CE–2024 CE | 58tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
Territory & resources
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 78.9Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land %62 obs · 1993 CE–2023 CE | 32.71% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %62 obs · 1993 CE–2023 CE | 34.76% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 77.75mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 7.13t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 13.1mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index107 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.87index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index107 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.817index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index107 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.579index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type107 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index107 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.945index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Govt Concentration Herfindahl49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0.5496index_0_12023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index107 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.961index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 126.01per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Physicians Per 100043 obs · 1970 CE–2022 CE | 4.35per_10002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Pupil Teacher Ratio Primary41 obs · 1971 CE–2013 CE | 18.93ratio2013 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 2.7%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Pupil Teacher Ratio Secondary38 obs · 1971 CE–2013 CE | 11.55ratio2013 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
17 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Václav HavelHead of State1993 CE – 2003 CE
- Václav KlausHead of Government1993 CE – 1998 CE
- Josef TošovskýHead of Government1997 CE – 1998 CE
- Miloš ZemanHead of Government1998 CE – 2002 CE
- Vladimír ŠpidlaHead of Government2002 CE – 2004 CE
- Václav KlausHead of State2003 CE – 2013 CE
- Stanislav GrossHead of Government2004 CE – 2005 CE
- Jiří ParoubekHead of Government2005 CE – 2006 CE
- Mirek TopolánekHead of Government2006 CE – 2009 CE
- Jan FischerHead of Government2009 CE – 2010 CE
- Petr NečasHead of Government2010 CE – 2013 CE
- Jiří RusnokHead of Government2013 CE – 2014 CE
- Miloš ZemanHead of State2013 CE – 2023 CE
- Bohuslav SobotkaHead of Government2014 CE – 2017 CE
- Andrej BabišHead of Government2017 CE – 2021 CE
- Petr FialaHead of Government2021 CE – 2025 CE
- Petr PavelHead of State2023 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023); head of government: Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister;
- Ethnic groups
- Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)
- Natural resources
- hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land
- Economy
- high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Czech
- Currency
- koruny (CZK)
Memberships
- Czech Republic–Slovakia Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1992 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1993 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member1999 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1949)Military alliance · member1999 CE –
- European UnionEUEconomic bloc · member2004 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Czech Republic is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.