Polity · 1825 CE – present
Bolivia
Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia · Wuliwya Suyu · Tetã Volívia
Also recorded as Plurinational State of Bolivia
- Peak recorded area
- 1,816,880 km²
- 1865 CE
- Rulers on record
- 81
- from 1825 CE
- Data series
- 418
- 1825 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. In simple terms, the country's geography consists of a western Andean region and tropical lowlands to the east and north.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
14 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 4 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 64 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population169 obs · 1848 CE–2016 CE | 10.9Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population169 obs · 1848 CE–2016 CE | 4.5Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 68.9years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -3,179persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.34% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 71.51years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 165 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 7,079int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 12.9Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 10.6Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 2,321.47million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 23.4Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 64.8Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 38 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score169 obs · 1848 CE–2016 CE | 0.001CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption169 obs · 1848 CE–2016 CE | 13.4Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production169 obs · 1848 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel168 obs · 1848 CE–2016 CE | 34Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure97 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 443Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP60 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 1.37% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Territory & resources
6 of 66 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 5.13% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 119.07TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 40.73TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 46.35% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 35.83%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.4543hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 30 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.576index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.314index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.39index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.332index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2187 obs · 1825 CE–2012 CE | 7index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.718index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Radios143 obs · 1825 CE–1999 CE | 5,542count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km101 obs · 1890 CE–1993 CE | 3,694km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Aviation Passenger Km63 obs · 1929 CE–1993 CE | 1,092passenger-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm60 obs · 1930 CE–1993 CE | 692tonne-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km59 obs · 1930 CE–1993 CE | 318passenger-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
81 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Antonio José de Sucrepresident of Bolivia1825 CE – 1828 CE
- Simón Bolívarpresident of Bolivia1825 CE
- José María Pérez de Urdinineapresident of Bolivia1828 CE
- José Miguel de Velascopresident of Bolivia1828 CE
- José Ramón de Loayza Pachecopresident of Bolivia1828 CE
- Pedro Blanco Sotopresident of Bolivia1828 CE – 1829 CE
- Andrés de Santa Cruzpresident of Bolivia1829 CE – 1839 CE
- José Balliviánpresident of Bolivia1841 CE – 1847 CE
- Mariano Enrique Calvo Cuellarpresident of Bolivia1841 CE
- Sebastián Ágredapresident of Bolivia1841 CE
- Eusebio Guilarte Molepresident of Bolivia1847 CE – 1848 CE
- Manuel Isidoro Belzupresident of Bolivia1848 CE – 1855 CE
- Jorge Córdovapresident of Bolivia1855 CE – 1857 CE
- José María Linarespresident of Bolivia1857 CE – 1861 CE
- José María de Achápresident of Bolivia1861 CE – 1864 CE
- Mariano Melgarejopresident of Bolivia1864 CE – 1871 CE
- Agustín Moralespresident of Bolivia1871 CE – 1872 CE
- Tomás Frías Ametllerpresident of Bolivia1872 CE – 1873 CE
- Adolfo Balliviánpresident of Bolivia1873 CE – 1875 CE
- Hilarión Dazapresident of Bolivia1876 CE – 1879 CE
- Pedro José Domingo de Guerrapresident of Bolivia1879 CE
- Narciso Camperopresident of Bolivia1880 CE – 1884 CE
- Gregorio Pachecopresident of Bolivia1884 CE – 1888 CE
- Aniceto Arcepresident of Bolivia1888 CE – 1892 CE
- Manuel Cipriano Del CarpioVice President of Bolivia1888 CE – 1892 CE
- Mariano Baptistapresident of Bolivia1892 CE – 1896 CE
- Severo Fernándezpresident of Bolivia1896 CE – 1899 CE
- José Manuel Pandopresident of Bolivia1899 CE – 1904 CE
- Ismael Montes Gamboapresident of Bolivia1904 CE – 1909 CE
- Eliodoro Villazónpresident of Bolivia1909 CE – 1913 CE
- Jose Gutierrez Guerrapresident of Bolivia1917 CE – 1920 CE
- Bautista Saavedrapresident of Bolivia1921 CE – 1925 CE
- Felipe S. Guzmánpresident of Bolivia1925 CE – 1926 CE
- Hernando Siles Reyespresident of Bolivia1926 CE – 1930 CE
- Carlos Blanco Galindopresident of Bolivia1930 CE – 1931 CE
- Daniel Salamanca Ureypresident of Bolivia1931 CE – 1934 CE
- José Luis Tejada SorzanoVice President of Bolivia1931 CE – 1934 CE
- José Luis Tejada Sorzanopresident of Bolivia1934 CE – 1936 CE
- David Toropresident of Bolivia1936 CE – 1937 CE
- Germán Buschpresident of Bolivia1936 CE
- Carlos Quintanillapresident of Bolivia1939 CE – 1940 CE
- Enrique Peñarandapresident of Bolivia1940 CE – 1943 CE
- Néstor Guillénpresident of Bolivia1941 CE – 1946 CE
- Gualberto Villarroelpresident of Bolivia1943 CE – 1946 CE
- Tomás Monjepresident of Bolivia1946 CE – 1947 CE
- Enrique Hertzogpresident of Bolivia1947 CE – 1949 CE
- Mamerto Urriolagoitíapresident of Bolivia1949 CE – 1951 CE
- Hugo Balliviánpresident of Bolivia1951 CE – 1952 CE
- Víctor Paz Estenssoropresident of Bolivia1952 CE – 1956 CE
- Hernán Siles Zuazopresident of Bolivia1956 CE – 1960 CE
- René Emilio Barrientos OrtuñoVice President of Bolivia1964 CE
- Alfredo Ovando Candíapresident of Bolivia1965 CE – 1966 CE
- Luis Adolfo Siles Salinaspresident of Bolivia1969 CE
- Juan José Torrespresident of Bolivia1970 CE – 1971 CE
- Hugo Banzerpresident of Bolivia1971 CE – 1978 CE
- David Padillapresident of Bolivia1978 CE – 1979 CE
- Juan Peredapresident of Bolivia1978 CE
- Víctor González Fuentespresident of Bolivia1978 CE
- Alberto Natuschpresident of Bolivia1979 CE
- Lidia Gueiler Tejadapresident of Bolivia1979 CE – 1980 CE
- Wálter Guevarapresident of Bolivia1979 CE
- Luis García Meza Tejadapresident of Bolivia1980 CE – 1981 CE
- Celso Torreliopresident of Bolivia1981 CE – 1982 CE
- Óscar Pammo Rodríguezpresident of Bolivia1981 CE
- Waldo Bernal Pereirapresident of Bolivia1981 CE
- Guido Vildosopresident of Bolivia1982 CE
- Julio Garrett AyllónVice President of Bolivia1985 CE – 1989 CE
- Jaime Paz Zamorapresident of Bolivia1989 CE – 1993 CE
- Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozadapresident of Bolivia1993 CE – 1997 CE
- Jorge QuirogaVice President of Bolivia1997 CE – 2001 CE
- Jorge Quirogapresident of Bolivia2001 CE – 2002 CE
- Carlos MesaVice President of Bolivia2002 CE – 2003 CE
- Carlos Mesapresident of Bolivia2003 CE – 2005 CE
- Eduardo Rodríguezpresident of Bolivia2005 CE
- Álvaro García LineraVice President of Bolivia2006 CE – 2019 CE
- Evo Moralespresident of Bolivia2006 CE – 2019 CE
- Jeanine Áñezpresident of Bolivia2019 CE – 2020 CE
- David ChoquehuancaVice President of Bolivia2020 CE –
- Luis ArceHead of State2020 CE – 2025 CE
- Edmand LaraVice President of Bolivia2025 CE –
- Rodrigo Paz PereiraHead of State2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Central South America, southwest of Brazil
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Rodrigo PAZ Pereira (since 8 November 2025); head of government: President Rodrigo PAZ Pereira (since 8 November 2025); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- Mestizo (mixed White and Indigenous ancestry) 68%, Indigenous 20%, White 5%, Cholo/Chola 2%, African descent 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3%; 44% other Indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009 est.)
- Natural resources
- lithium, tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
- Economy
- resource-rich economy benefits during commodity booms; has bestowed juridical rights to Mother Earth, impacting extraction industries; increasing Chinese lithium mining trade relations; hard hit by COVID-19; increased fiscal spending amid poverty increases; rampant banking and finance corruption
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Aymara, Guarani, note - Spanish and all Indigenous languages are official, Quechua, Spanish
- Currency
- bolivianos (BOB)
Memberships
- Peru–Bolivia Defense Pact (1863)Military alliance · member1863 CE – 1873 CE
- 4-member Defense Pact (1865)Military alliance · member1866 CE – 1871 CE
- Peru–Bolivia Defense Pact (1873)Military alliance · member1873 CE – 1883 CE
- Ecuador–Bolivia Non-Aggression Pact (1911)Historical alliance · member1911 CE –
- 21-member Entente (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1945 CE
- Bolivia–Paraguay Non-Aggression Pact (1938)Historical alliance · member1938 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1945)Military alliance · member1945 CE – 1947 CE
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0