Polity · 1776 CE – present
United States of America
Estados Unidus · Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí · Iunaite Sitete o Amerika
Also recorded as United States, USA, US
- Peak recorded area
- 12,188,500 km²
- 1945 CE
- Rulers on record
- 49
- from 1789 CE
- Data series
- 659
- 1778 CE–2025 CE
Overview
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
86 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 178 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population351 obs · 1 CE–2025 CE | 347.3Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Urban Population201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 197.8Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Life Expectancy141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 79.61years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.2Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.52% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.11years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 170 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita226 obs · 1650 CE–2022 CE | 58.5K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Total Exports145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 1.6Mmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 2.3Mmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | -721.8Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness145 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 4Mmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 31Tcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 96 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 0.1331CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 3.3Bcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 78.5Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 1.4Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP142 obs · 1949 CE–2025 CE | 3.2% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| Military Expenditure103 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 604.5Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 125 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 16.57% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 2,947.84TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 10.3KTWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 9,977.38TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 33.87% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 46.08%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.84index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.748index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.599index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.965index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2213 obs · 1800 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 63 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.889index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage200 obs · 1789 CE–1991 CE | 20.3Kgross tons1991 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km166 obs · 1830 CE–1995 CE | 231Kkm1995 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios155 obs · 1815 CE–1999 CE | 585Kcount1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm129 obs · 1865 CE–1993 CE | 1.6Mtonne-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telephones117 obs · 1876 CE–2003 CE | 181Mcount2003 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
49 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- George WashingtonPresident1789 CE – 1797 CE
- John AdamsPresident1797 CE – 1801 CE
- Thomas JeffersonPresident1801 CE – 1809 CE
- James MadisonPresident1809 CE – 1817 CE
- James MonroePresident1817 CE – 1825 CE
- John Quincy AdamsPresident1825 CE – 1829 CE
- Andrew JacksonPresident1829 CE – 1837 CE
- Matthew CunninghamMayor of Little Rock, Arkansas1832 CE – 1851 CE
- Martin Van BurenPresident1837 CE – 1841 CE
- John TylerPresident1841 CE – 1845 CE
- William Henry HarrisonPresident1841 CE
- James K. PolkPresident1845 CE – 1849 CE
- Zachary TaylorPresident1849 CE – 1850 CE
- Millard FillmorePresident1850 CE – 1853 CE
- Franklin PiercePresident1853 CE – 1857 CE
- James BuchananPresident1857 CE – 1861 CE
- Abraham LincolnPresident1861 CE – 1865 CE
- Andrew JohnsonPresident1865 CE – 1869 CE
- Ulysses S. GrantPresident1869 CE – 1877 CE
- Robert Francis CattersonMayor of Little Rock, Arkansas1871 CE – 1873 CE
- Rutherford B. HayesPresident1877 CE – 1881 CE
- Chester A. ArthurPresident1881 CE – 1885 CE
- James A. GarfieldPresident1881 CE
- Grover ClevelandPresident1885 CE – 1889 CE
- Benjamin HarrisonPresident1889 CE – 1893 CE
- William McKinleyPresident1897 CE – 1901 CE
- Theodore RooseveltPresident1901 CE – 1909 CE
- William Howard TaftPresident1909 CE – 1913 CE
- Charles E. TaylorMayor of Little Rock, Arkansas1911 CE – 1919 CE
- Woodrow WilsonPresident1913 CE – 1921 CE
- Warren G. HardingPresident1921 CE – 1923 CE
- Calvin CoolidgePresident1923 CE – 1929 CE
- Herbert HooverPresident1929 CE – 1933 CE
- Franklin Delano RooseveltPresident1933 CE – 1945 CE
- Harry S. TrumanPresident1945 CE – 1953 CE
- Dwight D. EisenhowerPresident1953 CE – 1961 CE
- John F. KennedyPresident1961 CE – 1963 CE
- Lyndon B. JohnsonPresident1963 CE – 1969 CE
- Richard NixonPresident1969 CE – 1974 CE
- Gerald FordPresident1974 CE – 1977 CE
- Jimmy CarterPresident1977 CE – 1981 CE
- Ronald ReaganPresident1981 CE – 1989 CE
- George H. W. BushPresident1989 CE – 1993 CE
- Bill ClintonPresident1993 CE – 2001 CE
- George W. BushPresident2001 CE – 2009 CE
- Barack ObamaPresident2009 CE – 2017 CE
- Donald TrumpPresident2017 CE – 2021 CE
- Joe BidenPresident2021 CE – 2025 CE
- Donald TrumpHead of State2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
- Government type
- constitutional federal republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2025); head of government: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2025); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate;
- Ethnic groups
- White 61.6%, Black or African American 12.4%, Asian 6%, Indigenous and Alaska native 1.1%, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.2%, other 8.4%, two or more races 10.2% (2020 est.)
- Natural resources
- coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land
- Economy
- world’s largest economy by nominal GDP; largest importer and second-largest exporter; home to leading financial exchanges and global reserve currency; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above pre-pandemic levels
Memberships
- United States of America–Japan Entente (1908)Historical alliance · member1908 CE – 1910 CE
- 4-member Entente (1921)Historical alliance · member1921 CE – 1931 CE
- 21-member Entente (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1945 CE
- Allied Powers (WWII)Historical alliance · member1941 CE – 1945 CE
- Five EyesFVEYMilitary alliance · founding member1941 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1945)Military alliance · member1945 CE – 1947 CE
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · founding member1949 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1949)Military alliance · member1949 CE –
- United States of America–Japan Defense Pact (1951)Military alliance · member1951 CE –
- ANZUSANZUSMilitary alliance · founding member1951 CE –
- United States of America–Philippines Defense Pact (1951)Military alliance · member1951 CE –
- United States of America–Australia–New Zealand Defense Pact (1951)Military alliance · member1951 CE –
- United States of America–South Korea Entente (1953)Historical alliance · member1953 CE –
- SEATOSEATOMilitary alliance · founding member1954 CE – 1977 CE
- 8-member Entente (1954)Historical alliance · member1954 CE – 1977 CE
- United States of America–Taiwan Defense Pact (1954)Military alliance · member1954 CE – 1980 CE
- United States of America–Canada Defense Pact (1958)Military alliance · member1958 CE –
- 6-member Non-Aggression Pact (1955)Historical alliance · member1958 CE – 1979 CE
- United States of America–Liberia Entente (1959)Historical alliance · member1959 CE –
- United States of America–Iran Entente (1959)Historical alliance · member1959 CE – 1979 CE
- United States of America–Pakistan Defense Pact (1959)Military alliance · member1959 CE –
- United States of America–Turkey Defense Pact (1959)Military alliance · member1959 CE –
- 13-member Non-Aggression Pact (1962)Historical alliance · member1962 CE – 1964 CE
- United States of America–Spain Entente (1970)Historical alliance · member1970 CE – 1981 CE
- G7G7Political union · founding member1975 CE –
- United States of America–Israel Entente (1981)Historical alliance · member1981 CE – 1991 CE
- NAFTANAFTATrade agreement · founding member1994 CE – 2020 CE
- G20G20Political union · founding member1999 CE –
- Quadrilateral Security DialogueQUADMilitary alliance · founding member2007 CE –
- USMCAUSMCATrade agreement · founding member2020 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
United States of America is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.