Polity · 1814 CE – 1905 CE
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige · Svensk-norska unionen, Unionen mellan Sverige och Norge · Svensk-norska unionen
- Peak recorded area
- 804,302 km²
- 1815 CE
- Rulers on record
- 18
- from 1814 CE
- Data series
- 22
- 1815 CE–1904 CE
Overview
Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway, officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and known as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its peaceful dissolution in 1905.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1905 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
2 of 3 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population89 obs · 1816 CE–1904 CE | 7.5Mpersons1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population89 obs · 1816 CE–1904 CE | 469Kpersons1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Economy
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 3,5992011 int'l $1904 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 4,123int'l $ (inflation adj.)1904 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports35 obs · 1870 CE–1904 CE | 113.7million USD (current)1904 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports35 obs · 1870 CE–1904 CE | 156.71million USD (current)1904 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance35 obs · 1870 CE–1904 CE | -43.01million USD (current)1904 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness35 obs · 1870 CE–1904 CE | 270.41million USD (current)1904 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score89 obs · 1816 CE–1904 CE | 0.009CINC (share of world capability)1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption89 obs · 1816 CE–1904 CE | 3.9Mcoal-ton equivalents1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production89 obs · 1816 CE–1904 CE | 333Ktons1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel64 obs · 1819 CE–1904 CE | 95Kpersons1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP63 obs · 1842 CE–1904 CE | 4.4Mcurrent GBP1904 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production5 obs · 1900 CE–1904 CE | 2.43TWh1904 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production5 obs · 1900 CE–1904 CE | 0TWh1904 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 0.31index (0-1)1904 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 0.333index (0-1)1904 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 0.236index (0-1)1904 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 0.985index (0-1)1904 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type5 obs · 1900 CE–1904 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)1904 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index90 obs · 1815 CE–1904 CE | 0.807index (0-1)1904 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Rulers
18 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Peder AnkerNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1814 CE – 1822 CE
- Mathias SommerhielmNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1822 CE – 1827 CE
- Jørgen Herman VogtNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1827 CE – 1828 CE
- Poul Christian HolstNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1827 CE
- Severin LøvenskioldNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1828 CE – 1841 CE
- Frederik DueNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1841 CE – 1858 CE
- Christian Zetlitz BrettevilleNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1858 CE – 1859 CE
- Georg SibbernNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1859 CE – 1861 CE
- Otto Richard KierulfNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1871 CE – 1884 CE
- Carl Otto LøvenskioldNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1884 CE
- Ole RichterNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1884 CE – 1888 CE
- Wolfgang Wenzel von HaffnerNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1884 CE
- Jacob StangNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1888 CE – 1889 CE
- Gregers GramNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1889 CE – 1891 CE
- Otto BlehrNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1891 CE – 1893 CE
- Ole Anton QvamNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1902 CE – 1903 CE
- Sigurd IbsenNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1903 CE – 1905 CE
- Jørgen LøvlandNorwegian prime minister in Stockholm1905 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Norwegian, Swedish
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.