Polity · 1961 CE – present
Tanzania
United Republic of Tanzania · Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
Also recorded as United Republic of Tanzania
- Peak recorded area
- 991,095 km²
- 1891 CE
- Rulers on record
- 17
- from 1964 CE
- Data series
- 410
- 1961 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
7 dated territorial extents on record from CShapes 2.0. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. Cliopatria holds 5 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 70.5Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 67.42years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -12.7Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 2.85% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 70.21years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 64.59years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 170 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP200 obs · 1820 CE–2019 CE | 2,175int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd110 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 90.1Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 3,057.332011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Fao Asses Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 191.3Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Barley Area Harvested64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 3,864ha2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Barley Production64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 7,544.5tonnes2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 34 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP59 obs · 1967 CE–2024 CE | 1.15% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Usd58 obs · 1967 CE–2024 CE | 920.9Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score56 obs · 1961 CE–2016 CE | 0.0023CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production56 obs · 1961 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure56 obs · 1961 CE–2016 CE | 520Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel56 obs · 1961 CE–2016 CE | 27Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 15.24% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 2.08TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 50.05% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 44.62%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.2027hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 947.3Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Rule Of Law Index111 obs · 1914 CE–2024 CE | 0.82index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Electoral Democracy Index110 obs · 1915 CE–2024 CE | 0.415index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index110 obs · 1915 CE–2024 CE | 0.368index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index110 obs · 1915 CE–2024 CE | 0.266index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type110 obs · 1915 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity252 obs · 1961 CE–2012 CE | -1index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Tech Railway Line Km119 obs · 1873 CE–1998 CE | 4,460km1998 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Freedom Of Expression Index111 obs · 1914 CE–2024 CE | 0.699index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production61 obs · 1938 CE–1998 CE | 1.8BGWh1998 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles58 obs · 1926 CE–1992 CE | 57count1992 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars58 obs · 1926 CE–1992 CE | 44Kcount1992 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Primary Enrollment Gross %55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 92.69%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
17 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Abeid KarumeVice President of Tanzania1964 CE – 1972 CE
- Julius NyererePresident of Tanzania1964 CE – 1985 CE
- Aboud JumbeVice President of Tanzania1972 CE – 1984 CE
- Ali Hassan MwinyiVice President of Tanzania1984 CE – 1985 CE
- Ali Hassan MwinyiPresident of Tanzania1985 CE – 1995 CE
- Joseph Sinde WariobaVice President of Tanzania1985 CE – 1990 CE
- John MalecelaVice President of Tanzania1990 CE – 1994 CE
- Cleopa MsuyaVice President of Tanzania1994 CE – 1995 CE
- Benjamin MkapaPresident of Tanzania1995 CE – 2005 CE
- Omar Ali JumaVice President of Tanzania1995 CE – 2001 CE
- Ali Mohamed SheinVice President of Tanzania2001 CE – 2010 CE
- Jakaya Mrisho KikwetePresident of Tanzania2005 CE – 2015 CE
- Mohamed Gharib BilalVice President of Tanzania2010 CE – 2015 CE
- John MagufuliPresident of Tanzania2015 CE – 2021 CE
- Samia Suluhu HassanVice President of Tanzania2015 CE – 2021 CE
- Philip Isdory MpangoVice President of Tanzania2021 CE –
- Samia Suluhu HassanHead of State2021 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021); head of government: President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly;
- Ethnic groups
- mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African
- Natural resources
- hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones (including tanzanite, found only in Tanzania), gold, natural gas, nickel
- Economy
- emerging lower middle-income East African economy; resource-rich and growing tourism; strong post-pandemic recovery from hospitality, electricity, mining, and transit sectors; declining poverty; stable inflation; gender-based violence economic and labor force disruptions
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- English, Kiswahili or Swahili
- Currency
- Tanzanian shillings (TZS)
Memberships
- Commonwealth of NationsCWInternational organisation · member1961 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1964 CE –
- African UnionAUInternational organisation · founding member1964 CE –
- SADCSADCEconomic bloc · founding member1992 CE –
- 11-member Defense Pact (2006)Military alliance · member2006 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
CShapes 2.02.0
Schvitz, G. et al. (2022). Mapping the International System, 1886-2019: The CShapes 2.0 Dataset. Journal of Conflict Resolution 66(1).
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0