Polity · 1744 CE – present
Sultanate of Oman
سلطنة عُمان · سلطنة عمان · Saltanat Uman
Also recorded as Oman
- Peak recorded area
- 314,267 km²
- 1973 CE
- Rulers on record
- 10
- from 1888 CE
- Data series
- 376
- 1750 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in the southeastern Arabian Peninsula in West Asia. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oman's coastline faces the Arabian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The exclaves of Madha and Musandam are surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on their land borders, while Musandam's coastal boundaries are formed by the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
20 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population219 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 5.5Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 80.45years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 113.7Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 3.52% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.21years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 78.95years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 126 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 49.6Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 109.6Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 48K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Agriculture % GDP65 obs · 1961 CE–2025 CE | 2.81% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Industry % GDP65 obs · 1961 CE–2025 CE | 52.74% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Asses Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 21.6Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP108 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 5.59% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million60 obs · 1959 CE–2023 CE | 4tiv_million2023 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 5,911.43millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 6Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score49 obs · 1968 CE–2016 CE | 0.0022CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption49 obs · 1968 CE–2016 CE | 49.3Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.2815% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 453.21TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 557.48TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 0.0076% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 4.76%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0173hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.622index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2213 obs · 1800 CE–2012 CE | -8index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Electoral Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.174index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.14index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.125index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 50 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.148index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 135.22per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 99%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Measles Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 99%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Tech Irrigated Area41 obs · 1961 CE–2001 CE | 62hectares2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Tractors41 obs · 1961 CE–2001 CE | 150count2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
10 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Faisal bin Turki Al BusaidiSultan of Oman1888 CE – 1913 CE
- Taimur bin Faisal Al SaidSultan of Oman1913 CE – 1932 CE
- Said bin Taimur Al SaidSultan of Oman1932 CE – 1970 CE
- Qaboos bin Said Al SaidSultan of Oman1970 CE – 2020 CE
- Fahd bin Mahmoud Al SaidDeputy Prime Minister of Oman1972 CE –
- Badr bin Saud Al BusaidiDeputy Prime Minister for Defense Affairs2004 CE – 2020 CE
- Asa'ad bin Tariq Al SaidDeputy Prime Minister for Relations and International Cooperation Affairs2017 CE –
- Haitham bin Tarik Al SaidHead of Government2020 CE –
- Haitham bin Tarik Al SaidHead of State2020 CE –
- Shihab bin Tariq Al SaidDeputy Prime Minister for Defense Affairs2020 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE
- Government type
- absolute monarchy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister HAITHAM bin Tarik Al Said (since 11 January 2020); head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister HAITHAM bin Tarik Al Said (since 11 January 2020); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch
- Ethnic groups
- Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African
- Natural resources
- petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
- Economy
- high-income, oil-based economy; large welfare system; growing government debt; citizenship-based labor force growth policy; US free trade agreement; diversifying portfolio; high female labor force participation
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Omani rials (OMR)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1971 CE –
- Arab LeagueALInternational organisation · member1971 CE –
- 23-member Entente (1945)Historical alliance · member1971 CE –
- GCCGCCEconomic bloc · founding member1981 CE –
- 6-member Defense Pact (2000)Military alliance · member2000 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Sultanate of Oman is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.