Polity · 1363 CE – present
Sultanate of Brunei
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Also recorded as Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
- Peak recorded area
- 231,462 km²
- 1512 CE
- Data series
- 290
- 1500 CE–2025 CE
Overview
The Sultanate of Brunei or simply Brunei, also known as the Bruneian Empire, was a Malay sultanate centered around Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei became a sovereign state around the 15th century, when it substantially expanded after the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese, extending throughout coastal areas of Borneo and the Philippines, before it declined in the 17th and 18th centuries. It became a British protectorate in the 19th century.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
22 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 56 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 75.67years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population143 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 466.3Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.753% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 77.9years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 73.65years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 110 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 82.2Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd101 obs · 1965 CE–2025 CE | 15Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Cattle Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 286head2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cereals Area Harvested64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 1,494ha2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cereals Production64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 3,612.05tonnes2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cereals Yield64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 2,417.5hg_per_ha2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 25 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP55 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 3.58% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Usd54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 558.6Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million36 obs · 1965 CE–2024 CE | 28tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| Armed Forces Personnel33 obs · 1985 CE–2020 CE | 8,000persons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score33 obs · 1984 CE–2016 CE | 0.0001CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption33 obs · 1984 CE–2016 CE | 4.7Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 47 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.759% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 103.66TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 56.39TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 72.11% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 2.54%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0087hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 19 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Checks And Balances49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 1count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Executive Years In Office49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 52years2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Govt Ideology Executive49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0scale_1_32023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Govt Party Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Opposition Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 33seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 33 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Primary Enrollment Gross %53 obs · 1970 CE–2023 CE | 96.93%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10051 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 127.01per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Secondary Enrollment Gross %47 obs · 1970 CE–2023 CE | 91.84%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Completion Rate46 obs · 1972 CE–2023 CE | 101.68%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 99%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Measles Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 99%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- British English, Malay
- Currency
- Brunei dollar (BND)
Memberships
- ASEANASEANEconomic bloc · member1984 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1984 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Sultanate of Brunei is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.