Polity · 2014 CE – present
State of Libya
دولة ليبيا · ليبيا · Dawlat Libiya
Also recorded as Libya
- Peak recorded area
- 1,614,020 km²
- 2014 CE
- Rulers on record
- 28
- from 1977 CE
- Data series
- 344
- 2014 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. With an area of almost 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 47 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population111 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 7.5Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy100 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 73.19years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth77 obs · 1961 CE–2025 CE | 1.05% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Urbanization Rate67 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 87.91% of total2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Net Migration46 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | -172persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female45 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 75.26years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 126 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd72 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 48.1Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Inflation61 obs · 1965 CE–2025 CE | 1.84% annual2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Productivity GDP Per M348 obs · 1975 CE–2022 CE | 8.84usd_per_m32022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fuel Imports % Merchandise36 obs · 1962 CE–2019 CE | 13.14%2019 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Female Labor Force Participation34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 33.28%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gross Capital Formation % GDP34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 14.27%_gdp2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 45 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP43 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 5.29% of GDP2023 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd40 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 1.6Bcurrent US$2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Armed Forces Personnel26 obs · 1985 CE–2020 CE | 0persons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 0.0008CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 18.2Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 492Ktons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 56 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %73 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.9775% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 1.8Msq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Stress Level %48 obs · 1975 CE–2022 CE | 817.14%2022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %44 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 0.1233% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Withdrawal Agriculture %38 obs · 1985 CE–2022 CE | 83.19%2022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Withdrawal Domestic %38 obs · 1985 CE–2022 CE | 12.01%2022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 24 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.196index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.106index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.086index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.132index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Control Of Corruption Index25 obs · 1996 CE–2023 CE | -1.53index2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Development
6 of 46 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Tech Newspaper Circulation48 obs · 1952 CE–1999 CE | 59.5Kcirculation1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios48 obs · 1952 CE–1999 CE | 1,460count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles47 obs · 1947 CE–1993 CE | 322count1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars47 obs · 1947 CE–1993 CE | 448Kcount1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km44 obs · 1921 CE–1972 CE | 342km1972 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Electricity Production41 obs · 1953 CE–2001 CE | 21.5BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
28 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Abdul Ati al-ObeidiPrime Minister of Libya1977 CE – 1979 CE
- Jadallah Azzuz at-TalhiPrime Minister of Libya1979 CE – 1984 CE
- Abuzed Omar DordaPrime Minister of Libya1990 CE – 1994 CE
- Mohamed Ahmed MangushPrime Minister of Libya1997 CE – 2000 CE
- Imbarek ShamekhPrime Minister of Libya2000 CE – 2003 CE
- Shukri GhanemPrime Minister of Libya2003 CE – 2006 CE
- Baghdadi MahmudiPrime Minister of Libya2006 CE – 2011 CE
- Imbarek ShamekhDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2008 CE – 2009 CE
- Abdurrahim El-KeibPrime Minister of Libya2011 CE – 2012 CE
- Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-IsawiDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2011 CE
- Ali TarhouniDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2011 CE
- Ali TarhouniPrime Minister of Libya2011 CE
- Mahmoud JibrilPrime Minister of Libya2011 CE
- Mustafa A.G. AbushagurDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2011 CE – 2012 CE
- Ali ZeidanPrime Minister of Libya2012 CE – 2014 CE
- Awad al-BaraasiDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2012 CE – 2013 CE
- Abdullah al-ThaniPrime Minister of Libya2014 CE
- Aguila Saleh IssaHead of State2014 CE –
- Ahmed MiitigPrime Minister of Libya2014 CE
- Omar al-HasiPrime Minister of Libya2014 CE – 2015 CE
- Khalifa al-GhawiPrime Minister of Libya2015 CE – 2016 CE
- Fayez al-SarrajPrime Minister of Libya2016 CE – 2021 CE
- Fayez al-SarrajChairman of the Presidential Council2016 CE – 2021 CE
- Abd al-Hamid DbeibehHead of Government2021 CE –
- Hussein Atiya Abdul Hafeez Al-QatraniDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2021 CE –
- Mohamed al-MenfiHead of State2021 CE –
- Ramadan Ahmed BoujenahDeputy Prime Minister of Libya2021 CE –
- Fathi BashaghaPrime Minister of Libya2022 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria
- Government type
- in transition
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President, Presidential Council, Mohammed al-MANFI (since 5 February 2021); head of government: GNU Interim Prime Minister Abd-al-Hamid DUBAYBAH (since 5 February 2021); election/appointment process: first direct presidential election was not held as planned
- Ethnic groups
- Amazigh and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Egyptian, Greek, Indian, Italian, Maltese, Pakistani, Tunisian, and Turkish)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
- Economy
- upper middle-income, fossil fuel-based North African economy; 31% economic contraction due to COVID-19 and 2020 oil blockade; reduced government spending; central bank had to devalue currency; public wages are over 60% of expenditures
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Libyan dinars (LYD)
Memberships
- Arab LeagueALInternational organisation · member1953 CE –
- OPECOPECEconomic bloc · member1962 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1977 CE –
- African UnionAUInternational organisation · founding member2002 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
State of Libya is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.