Polity · 1028 CE – 1278 CE
Southern Song
- Peak recorded area
- 2,799,750 km²
- 1126 CE
- Rulers on record
- 33
- from 982 CE
- Data series
- 31
- 1028 CE–1278 CE
Overview
The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties in northern China.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
9 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1278 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 29 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| City Pop Beijing8 obs · 1100 CE–1270 CE | 401.4Kpersons1270 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Hangzhou8 obs · 1077 CE–1273 CE | 432Kpersons1273 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Yangzhou8 obs · 1077 CE–1250 CE | 67Kpersons1250 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Guangzhou7 obs · 1067 CE–1275 CE | 165Kpersons1275 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Kaifeng7 obs · 1100 CE–1250 CE | 90Kpersons1250 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Suzhou7 obs · 1080 CE–1250 CE | 77Kpersons1250 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
Economy
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP251 obs · 1028 CE–1278 CE | 1,498int'l $ (inflation adj.)1278 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita2 obs · 1090 CE–1150 CE | 1,180.962011 int'l $1150 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
Rulers
33 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Emperor Shengzong of LiaoEmperor of China982 CE – 1031 CE
- Emperor Renzong of SongEmperor of China1022 CE – 1063 CE
- Emperor Xingzong of LiaoEmperor of China1031 CE – 1055 CE
- Emperor Daozong of LiaoEmperor of China1055 CE – 1101 CE
- Emperor Yingzong of SongEmperor of China1063 CE – 1067 CE
- Emperor Shenzong of SongEmperor of China1067 CE – 1085 CE
- Emperor Zhezong of SongEmperor of China1085 CE – 1100 CE
- Emperor Huizong of SongEmperor of China1100 CE – 1126 CE
- Emperor Tianzuo of LiaoEmperor of China1101 CE – 1125 CE
- Emperor Taizu of JinEmperor of China1115 CE – 1123 CE
- Emperor Taizong of JinEmperor of China1123 CE – 1135 CE
- Hui Li BaoEmperor of China1123 CE
- Emperor Qinzong of SongEmperor of China1126 CE – 1127 CE
- Emperor Gaozong of SongEmperor of China1127 CE – 1129 CE
- Zhao FuEmperor of China1129 CE
- Emperor Xizong of JinEmperor of China1135 CE – 1150 CE
- Emperor Hailingwang of JinEmperor of China1150 CE – 1161 CE
- Emperor Shizong of JinEmperor of China1161 CE – 1189 CE
- Emperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor of China1162 CE – 1189 CE
- Emperor Guangzong of SongEmperor of China1189 CE – 1194 CE
- Emperor Zhangzong of JinEmperor of China1189 CE – 1209 CE
- Emperor Ningzong of SongEmperor of China1194 CE – 1224 CE
- Wanyan YongjiEmperor of China1209 CE – 1213 CE
- Emperor Xuanzong of JinEmperor of China1213 CE – 1224 CE
- Yelü SibuEmperor of China1216 CE –
- Emperor Aizong of JinEmperor of China1224 CE – 1234 CE
- Emperor Lizong of SongEmperor of China1224 CE – 1264 CE
- Emperor Modi of JinEmperor of China1234 CE
- Emperor Duzong of SongEmperor of China1264 CE – 1274 CE
- Kublai KhanEmperor of China1271 CE – 1294 CE
- Emperor Gong of SongEmperor of China1274 CE – 1276 CE
- Emperor Duanzong of SongEmperor of China1276 CE – 1278 CE
- Emperor Bing of SongEmperor of China1278 CE – 1279 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Southern Song is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.