Polity · 1973 CE – present
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Việt Nam · Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam
Also recorded as Viet Nam
- Peak recorded area
- 337,618 km²
- 1976 CE
- Rulers on record
- 9
- from 2016 CE
- Data series
- 397
- 1973 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of Mainland Southeast Asia. With an area of about 331,000 square kilometres and a population of over 102 million, it is the world's 16th-most populous country.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 101.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 74.88years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -48.2Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.588% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 79.49years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 70.23years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 147 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP91 obs · 1929 CE–2019 CE | 6,766int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd87 obs · 1980 CE–2025 CE | 514.7Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 8,050.362011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Fao Cattle Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 6.2Mhead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cereals Area Harvested64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 7.9Mha2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cereals Production64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 47.9Mtonnes2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arms Imports Tiv Million67 obs · 1954 CE–2024 CE | 58tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| CINC Score63 obs · 1954 CE–2016 CE | 0.0095CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production63 obs · 1954 CE–2016 CE | 7.8Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel63 obs · 1954 CE–2016 CE | 482Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption61 obs · 1954 CE–2016 CE | 110.5Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Mil Equip Aircraft Transport45 obs · 1970 CE–2014 CE | 21count2014 CE · rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 51 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 21.47% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production96 obs · 1929 CE–2024 CE | 285.45TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 47.45% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 39.21%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.067hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 12.3Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 25 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index80 obs · 1945 CE–2024 CE | 0.174index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index80 obs · 1945 CE–2024 CE | 0.124index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index80 obs · 1945 CE–2024 CE | 0.157index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type80 obs · 1945 CE–2024 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index80 obs · 1945 CE–2024 CE | 0.353index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Checks And Balances49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 1count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 53 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index80 obs · 1945 CE–2024 CE | 0.138index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production55 obs · 1946 CE–2001 CE | 30.6BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 130.99per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Enrollment Gross %48 obs · 1976 CE–2024 CE | 106.33%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Measles Immunization %43 obs · 1982 CE–2024 CE | 98%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %42 obs · 1983 CE–2024 CE | 97%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
9 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Nguyễn Xuân PhúcHead of Government2016 CE – 2021 CE
- Trần Đại QuangHead of State2016 CE – 2018 CE
- Đặng Thị Ngọc ThịnhHead of State2018 CE
- Nguyễn Phú TrọngHead of State2018 CE – 2021 CE
- Nguyễn Xuân PhúcHead of State2021 CE – 2023 CE
- Phạm Minh ChínhHead of Government2021 CE –
- Võ Thị Ánh XuânHead of State2023 CE
- Võ Văn ThưởngHead of State2023 CE – 2024 CE
- Tô LâmHead of State2024 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia
- Government type
- communist party-led state
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Luong CUONG (since 21 Oct 2024); head of government: Prime Minister Pham Minh CHINH (since 26 July 2021); cabinet: Cabinet proposed by the prime minister, confirmed by the National Assembly, and appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- Kinh (Viet) 85.3%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.9%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.4%, Mong 1.4%, Nung 1.1%, other 5.5% (2019 est.)
- Natural resources
- antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land
- Economy
- lower middle-income socialist East Asian economy; rapid economic growth since Đổi Mới reforms; strong investment and productivity growth; tourism and manufacturing hub; TPP signatory; declining poverty aside from ethnic minorities; systemic corruption
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Vietnamese
- Currency
- dong (VND)
Memberships
- 13-member Non-Aggression Pact (1962)Historical alliance · member1962 CE – 1964 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1977 CE –
- Russia–Vietnam Entente (1978)Historical alliance · member1978 CE – 1991 CE
- ASEANASEANEconomic bloc · member1995 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0v1.0
Reconstructed Data on Military Capabilities (rDMC), v1.0. Harvard Dataverse.
Academic use, attribution
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Socialist Republic of Vietnam is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.