Polity · 1932 CE – 1938 CE
Second Spanish Republic
Segunda República Española
- Peak recorded area
- 854,431 km²
- 1932 CE
- Rulers on record
- 19
- from 1931 CE
- Data series
- 33
- 1932 CE–1938 CE
Overview
The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the democratic government of Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931 after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII. It was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1938 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
3 of 4 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 25.3Mpersons1938 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Urban Population7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 4.4Mpersons1938 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Community Size | 8ordinal1934 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Economy
6 of 12 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 2,632.552011 int'l $1938 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 3,257int'l $ (inflation adj.)1938 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 98million USD (current)1938 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 152million USD (current)1938 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | -54million USD (current)1938 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 250million USD (current)1938 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0.0194CINC (share of world capability)1938 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 6Mcoal-ton equivalents1938 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 574Ktons1938 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 79.8Mcurrent USD1938 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 550Kpersons1938 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 38.69TWh1938 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 1.89TWh1938 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0TWh1938 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
6 of 7 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0.347index (0-1)1938 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0.231index (0-1)1938 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0.202index (0-1)1938 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)1938 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0.606index (0-1)1938 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Jurisdictional Hierarchy | 4ordinal1934 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Development
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index7 obs · 1932 CE–1938 CE | 0.416index (0-1)1938 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Class Stratification | 5ordinal1934 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
Rulers
19 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Gonzalo Queipo de LlanoHead of the Military House of the President of the Spanish Republic1931 CE – 1933 CE
- José Riquelme y López BagoCommander-in-Chief of the III Organic Division1931 CE – 1935 CE
- Miguel Núñez de Prado y SusbielasCommander in chief of the VI Organic Division1931 CE – 1932 CE
- Niceto Alcalá-Zamorapresident of the Second Republic of Spain1931 CE – 1936 CE
- Virgilio Cabanellas FerrerCommander-in-Chief of the I Organic Division1932 CE – 1936 CE
- José Fernández de Villa-AbrilleCommander in chief of the VI Organic Division1933 CE – 1935 CE
- Leopoldo Ruiz TrilloHead of the Military House of the President of the Spanish Republic1933 CE – 1934 CE
- Domingo BatetHead of the Military House of the President of the Spanish Republic1934 CE – 1936 CE
- Agustín Gómez MoratoCommander-in-Chief of the III Organic Division1935 CE – 1936 CE
- Joaquín Fanjul GoñiCommander in chief of the VI Organic Division1935 CE – 1936 CE
- Carlos Masquelet LacaciHead of the Military House of the President of the Spanish Republic1936 CE – 1939 CE
- Eliseo Álvarez-Arenas RomeroCommander in chief of the VI Organic Division1936 CE – 1937 CE
- Emilio MolaCommander in chief of the VI Organic Division1936 CE
- Fernando Martínez-Monje RestoyCommander-in-Chief of the III Organic Division1936 CE
- José MiajaCommander-in-Chief of the III Organic Division1936 CE
- Juan García Gómez-CamineroCommander-in-Chief of the III Organic Division1936 CE – 1937 CE
- Manuel Azañapresident of the Second Republic of Spain1936 CE – 1939 CE
- Pedro de la Cerda y López-MollinedoCommander in chief of the VI Organic Division1936 CE
- Sebastián Pozas PereaCommander-in-Chief of the I Organic Division1936 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- peseta (ESP)
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock)Ethnographic Atlas (D-PLACE 2.3)
Kirby, K.R. et al. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7).
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Second Spanish Republic is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.