Polity · 1963 CE – present
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
Also recorded as Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago
- Peak recorded area
- 6,177 km²
- 1963 CE
- Rulers on record
- 13
- from 1962 CE
- Data series
- 337
- 1963 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean, comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with several smaller islets. The capital city is Port of Spain, while its largest and most populous municipality is Tunapuna/Piarco.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population269 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 1.5Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 73.75years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 691persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.178% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 76.96years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 70.63years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 139 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 31.7Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd111 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 25.9Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Real Wage101 obs · 1850 CE–2000 CE | 53.24index (1500=1)2000 CE · Clio-Infra |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 25.8K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Inflation66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 0.9945% annual2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Asses Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 2,331head2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 19 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP80 obs · 1968 CE–2024 CE | 0.9214% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| CINC Score55 obs · 1962 CE–2016 CE | 0.0005CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption55 obs · 1962 CE–2016 CE | 39.8Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production55 obs · 1962 CE–2016 CE | 36Ktons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel55 obs · 1962 CE–2016 CE | 4,000persons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure51 obs · 1962 CE–2016 CE | 608Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 4.87% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 244.13TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 39.36TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 44.24% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 10.53%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0183hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 25 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.755index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.627index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.486index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.884index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity251 obs · 1962 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 38 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.898index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 134.23per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 92%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Measles Immunization %41 obs · 1984 CE–2024 CE | 96%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Enrollment Gross %40 obs · 1971 CE–2023 CE | 99.19%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 54.08%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
Rulers
13 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Eric WilliamsPrime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago1962 CE – 1981 CE
- Ellis ClarkePresident of Trinidad and Tobago1976 CE – 1987 CE
- Noor HassanaliPresident of Trinidad and Tobago1987 CE – 1997 CE
- Patrick ManningPrime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago1991 CE – 1995 CE
- Basdeo PandayPrime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago1995 CE – 2001 CE
- A. N. R. RobinsonPresident of Trinidad and Tobago1997 CE – 2003 CE
- George Maxwell RichardsPresident of Trinidad and Tobago2003 CE – 2013 CE
- Kamla Persad-BissessarHead of Government2010 CE – 2015 CE
- Anthony CarmonaPresident of Trinidad and Tobago2013 CE – 2018 CE
- Keith RowleyHead of Government2015 CE – 2025 CE
- Paula-Mae WeekesPresident of Trinidad and Tobago2018 CE – 2023 CE
- Christine KangalooHead of State2023 CE –
- Stuart YoungPrime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago2025 CE
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Christine KANGALOO (since 20 March 2023); head of government: Prime Minister Kamla Susheila PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 1 May 2025); cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament;
- Ethnic groups
- East Indian 35.4%, African descent 34.2%, mixed - other 15.3%, mixed - African/East Indian 7.7%, other 1.3%, unspecified 6.2% (2011 est.)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
- Economy
- high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund
Language & currency
- Currency
- Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1962 CE –
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1967 CE –
- CARICOMCARICOMEconomic bloc · founding member1973 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.