Polity · 1990 CE – present
Republic of Tajikistan
Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон · Тоҷикистон · Jumhurii Tojikiston
Also recorded as Tajikistan
- Peak recorded area
- 142,224 km²
- 2000 CE
- Rulers on record
- 12
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 387
- 1990 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is its capital and most populous city with a population of 1.24 million people. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east and is narrowly separated from Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It has a population of more than 10.9 million people.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
4 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 10.8Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 72.05years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -21.6Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.79% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 74.29years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 69.78years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 151 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 3,038int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd68 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 17.7Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita44 obs · 1973 CE–2022 CE | 5,507.552011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Agriculture % GDP40 obs · 1985 CE–2024 CE | 23.05% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Industry % GDP40 obs · 1985 CE–2024 CE | 32.44% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Services % GDP40 obs · 1985 CE–2024 CE | 36.45% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 33 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP58 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 1.85% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Armed Forces Personnel29 obs · 1992 CE–2020 CE | 17Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd29 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 234.45millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure per capita29 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 23.48usd_current2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd29 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 246.4Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 0.0004CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 64 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 6.08% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 3.08% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 141.4Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 9.77mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 0.9225t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 10.33mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 29 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 63seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Government Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 47count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Opposition Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 16count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Electoral Democracy Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.174index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.05index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.057index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 51 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10051 obs · 1960 CE–2022 CE | 126.16per_1002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Hospital Beds Per 100039 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 4.04per_10002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 13.86%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Physicians Per 100037 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 1.87per_10002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Freedom Of Expression Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.115index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Nurses Midwives Per 100034 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 6.45per_10002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
12 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Qahhor Mahkamovpresident of Tajikistan1990 CE – 1991 CE
- Akbarsho Iskandrovpresident of Tajikistan1991 CE
- Qadriddin Aslonovpresident of Tajikistan1991 CE
- Rahmon Nabiyevpresident of Tajikistan1991 CE – 1992 CE
- Emomali Rahmonpresident of Tajikistan1994 CE –
- Yahyo AzimovPrime Minister of Tajikistan1996 CE – 1999 CE
- Oqil OqilovHead of Government1999 CE – 2013 CE
- Davlatali SaidFirst Deputy Prime Minister of Tajikistan2013 CE – 2023 CE
- Kokhir RasulzodaHead of Government2013 CE –
- Matlubakhon SattoriyonDeputy Prime Minister of Tajikistan2020 CE –
- Usmonali UsmonovDeputy Prime Minister of Tajikistan2020 CE –
- Ziyozoda Sulaimon RizoiDeputy Prime Minister of Tajikistan2022 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON (since 16 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly Chairman since 20 November 1992); head of government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013); cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly;
- Ethnic groups
- Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 13.8%, other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2014 est.)
- Natural resources
- hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
- Economy
- lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; large infrastructure projects, including Rogun Dam, and a push towards green development and digitalization driving growth; strong metal mining, electricity, and manufacturing industries; challenges include land scarcity, climate vulnerability, and complex bureaucratic processes for investors
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Tajik
- Currency
- Tajikistani somoni (TJS)
Memberships
- 9-member Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1992 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1992 CE –
- Russia–Tajikistan Defense Pact (1993)Military alliance · member1993 CE –
- 12-member Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1995 CE –
- 6-member Non-Aggression Pact (1996)Historical alliance · member1996 CE –
- CSTOCSTOMilitary alliance · founding member2002 CE –
- 7-member Non-Aggression Pact (2002)Historical alliance · member2002 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Tajikistan is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.