Polity · 1967 CE – present
Republic of Singapore
சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு · Republik Singapura · 新加坡共和国
Also recorded as Singapore
- Peak recorded area
- 461 km²
- 1967 CE
- Rulers on record
- 30
- from 1959 CE
- Data series
- 353
- 1967 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. Its territory comprises a main island, over 60 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population253 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 5.9Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 84years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 16.9Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.628% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 86.48years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 81.53years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 104 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 88.5Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita114 obs · 1870 CE–2022 CE | 80.3K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 603.9Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agriculture % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 0.0246% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Industry % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 22.67% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Services % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 71.59% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP110 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 2.84% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million60 obs · 1956 CE–2024 CE | 378tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 14.6Kmillions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 15.1Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score52 obs · 1965 CE–2016 CE | 0.003CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption52 obs · 1965 CE–2016 CE | 93.8Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 43 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.7799% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 20.93% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.9192%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0001hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 660ha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Arable Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 560ha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Rule Of Law Index158 obs · 1867 CE–2024 CE | 0.96index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Electoral Democracy Index157 obs · 1868 CE–2024 CE | 0.414index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index157 obs · 1868 CE–2024 CE | 0.343index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index157 obs · 1868 CE–2024 CE | 0.112index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity252 obs · 1959 CE–2012 CE | -2index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index158 obs · 1867 CE–2024 CE | 0.34index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production54 obs · 1948 CE–2001 CE | 33.1BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles53 obs · 1938 CE–1997 CE | 145count1997 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars53 obs · 1938 CE–1997 CE | 396Kcount1997 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10048 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 173.2per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 97%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
30 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Lee Kuan YewPrime Minister of Singapore1959 CE – 1990 CE
- Toh Chin ChyeDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1959 CE – 1968 CE
- Yusof bin IshakPresident of Singapore1965 CE – 1970 CE
- Punch CoomaraswamyPresident of Singapore1968 CE
- Yeoh Ghim SengPresident of Singapore1970 CE – 1971 CE
- Benjamin ShearesPresident of Singapore1971 CE – 1981 CE
- Goh Keng SweeDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1973 CE – 1985 CE
- S. RajaratnamDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1980 CE – 1985 CE
- Devan NairPresident of Singapore1981 CE – 1985 CE
- Goh Chok TongDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1985 CE – 1990 CE
- Ong Teng CheongDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1985 CE – 1993 CE
- Wee Kim WeePresident of Singapore1985 CE – 1993 CE
- Goh Chok TongPrime Minister of Singapore1990 CE – 2004 CE
- Lee Hsien LoongDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1990 CE – 2004 CE
- Ong Teng CheongPresident of Singapore1993 CE – 1999 CE
- Tony Tan Keng YamDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore1995 CE – 2005 CE
- S. R. NathanPresident of Singapore1999 CE – 2011 CE
- Lee Hsien LoongHead of Government2004 CE – 2024 CE
- S. JayakumarDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2004 CE – 2009 CE
- Wong Kan SengDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2005 CE – 2011 CE
- Teo Chee HeanDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2009 CE – 2019 CE
- Tharman ShanmugaratnamDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2011 CE – 2019 CE
- Tony Tan Keng YamPresident of Singapore2011 CE – 2017 CE
- Halimah YacobHead of State2017 CE – 2023 CE
- J.Y. PillayPresident of Singapore2017 CE
- Heng Swee KeatDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2019 CE –
- Lawrence WongDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2022 CE – 2024 CE
- Tharman ShanmugaratnamHead of State2023 CE –
- Gan Kim YongDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore2024 CE –
- Lawrence WongHead of Government2024 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023); head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament;
- Ethnic groups
- Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)
- Natural resources
- fish, deepwater ports
- Economy
- high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- English, Malay, Mandarin, Tamil
- Currency
- Singapore dollars (SGD)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1965 CE –
- Commonwealth of NationsCWInternational organisation · member1965 CE –
- ASEANASEANEconomic bloc · founding member1967 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Singapore is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.