Republic of San Marino

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (RSM), is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, it is the larger of two microstates within Italy, the other being Vatican City. San Marino is the fifth-smallest country in the world, with a land area of just over 61 km2 and a population of 34,042 as of 2025.

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See the 1463 CE borders on the map →

1. Gianfranco TerenziHead of State2014 CE – 2015 CE
2. Guerrino ZanottiHead of State2014 CE – 2015 CE
3. Enrico CarattoniHead of State2017 CE – 2018 CE
4. Matteo FioriniHead of State2017 CE – 2018 CE
5. Mimma ZavoliHead of State2017 CE
6. Vanessa D'AmbrosioHead of State2017 CE
7. Michele MuratoriHead of State2019 CE
8. Nicola SelvaHead of State2019 CE
9. Alessandro CardelliHead of State2020 CE – 2021 CE
10. Alessandro ManciniHead of State2020 CE
11. Grazia ZafferaniHead of State2020 CE
12. Mirko DolciniHead of State2020 CE – 2021 CE
13. Adele TonniniHead of State2023 CE
14. Alessandro ScaranoHead of State2023 CE
15. Alessandro RossiHead of State2024 CE
16. Dalibor RiccardiHead of State2024 CE –
17. Francesca CiverchiaHead of State2024 CE –
18. Milena GasperoniHead of State2024 CE
19. Denise BronzettiHead of State2025 CE –
20. Italo RighiHead of State2025 CE –

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Government type

parliamentary republic

Executive branch

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026); head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020); cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council;

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Natural resources

building stone

Economy

high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

Official & national languages

Italian

Currency

euros (EUR)

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