Polity · 1991 CE – present
Republic of North Macedonia
Република Северна Македонија · Македонија · Maqedonia e Veriut
Also recorded as North Macedonia, Macedonia
- Peak recorded area
- 25,269 km²
- 1992 CE
- Rulers on record
- 32
- from 1968 CE
- Data series
- 379
- 1991 CE–2025 CE
Overview
North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the north. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's population of over 1.83 million.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 54 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.8Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 77.68years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -5,645persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -0.52% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 79.83years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 75.41years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 145 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP320 obs · 1700 CE–2019 CE | 14.2Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita71 obs · 1952 CE–2022 CE | 14.1K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP Current Usd70 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 19.1Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agriculture % GDP36 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 5.98% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Generation36 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 5.89TWh2025 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Industry % GDP36 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 24.09% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 38 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP59 obs · 1996 CE–2025 CE | 2% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel29 obs · 1992 CE–2020 CE | 16Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd29 obs · 1996 CE–2024 CE | 341.8millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure per capita29 obs · 1996 CE–2024 CE | 193.48usd_current2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd29 obs · 1996 CE–2024 CE | 353.7Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score24 obs · 1993 CE–2016 CE | 0.0002CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 16.49% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 39.71% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 25.7Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 7.3mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 4t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 1.35mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 120seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Government Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 74count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Opposition Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 46count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Govt Party Vote Share42 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 35.9percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Opposition Vote Share42 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 34.6percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Electoral Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.563index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 54 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Hospital Beds Per 100052 obs · 1970 CE–2021 CE | 4.74per_10002021 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 104.84per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Physicians Per 100042 obs · 1970 CE–2022 CE | 2.94per_10002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 2.76%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Electricity Access %34 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Access Rural %34 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
32 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Ksente BogoevPrime Minister of North Macedonia1968 CE – 1974 CE
- Kiro GligorovHead of State1991 CE – 1995 CE
- Ljubčo GeorgievskiVice President of the Republic of Macedonia1991 CE
- Nikola KljusevPrime Minister of North Macedonia1991 CE – 1992 CE
- Stojan AndovHead of State1995 CE
- Ljubčo GeorgievskiPrime Minister of North Macedonia1998 CE – 2002 CE
- Boris TrajkovskiHead of State1999 CE – 2004 CE
- Savo KlimovskiHead of State1999 CE
- Branko CrvenkovskiPrime Minister of North Macedonia2002 CE – 2004 CE
- Branko CrvenkovskiHead of State2004 CE – 2009 CE
- Hari KostovPrime Minister of North Macedonia2004 CE
- Ljupčo JordanovskiHead of State2004 CE
- Radmila ŠekerinskaPrime Minister of North Macedonia2004 CE
- Vlado BučkovskiPrime Minister of North Macedonia2004 CE – 2006 CE
- Nikola GruevskiPrime Minister of North Macedonia2006 CE – 2016 CE
- Gjorge IvanovHead of State2009 CE – 2019 CE
- Fatmir BesimiDeputy Prime Minister of North Macedonia2013 CE – 2016 CE
- Emil DimitrievPrime Minister of North Macedonia2016 CE – 2017 CE
- Bujar OsmaniDeputy Prime Minister for European Integration2017 CE – 2020 CE
- Zoran ZaevPrime Minister of North Macedonia2017 CE – 2020 CE
- Stevo PendarovskiHead of State2019 CE – 2024 CE
- Artan GrubiDeputy Prime Minister of North Macedonia2020 CE –
- Fatmir BytyqiDeputy Prime Minister in charge of Economic Affairs2020 CE –
- Ljupco NikolovskiDeputy Prime Minister for the Fight against Corruption and Crime2020 CE – 2022 CE
- Nikola DimitrovDeputy Prime Minister for European Integration2020 CE – 2022 CE
- Oliver SpasovskiPrime Minister of North Macedonia2020 CE
- Bojan MarichicDeputy Prime Minister for European Integration2022 CE –
- Dimitar KovačevskiHead of Government2022 CE – 2024 CE
- Slavica GrkovskaDeputy Prime Minister of North Macedonia2022 CE –
- Gordana Siljanovska-DavkovaHead of State2024 CE –
- Hristijan MickoskiHead of Government2024 CE –
- Talat XhaferiHead of Government2024 CE
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (since 12 May 2024); head of government: Prime Minister Hristijan MICKOSKI (since 23 June 2024); cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Assembly by simple majority vote; election/appointment process: president directly elected using a modified 2-round system;
- Ethnic groups
- Macedonian 58.4%, Albanian 24.3%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.5%, Serb 1.3%, other 2.3%, no ethnic affiliation data available 7.2% (2021 est.)
- Natural resources
- low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
- Economy
- upper-middle-income European economy; GDP growth driven by private consumption, public infrastructure investments, and wage growth; stalled progress on EU accession; public debt rising due to high pensions, wages, and interest payments; structural challenges of emigration, low productivity growth, and governance
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Albanian, Albanian, Macedonian, Macedonian
- Currency
- Macedonian denar (MKD), Macedonian denars (MKD)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1993 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member2020 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of North Macedonia is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.