Polity · 1992 CE – present
Republic of Moldova
Moldova · Republica Moldova
Also recorded as Moldova
- Peak recorded area
- 27,430 km²
- 1992 CE
- Rulers on record
- 19
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 353
- 1992 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of 33,843 km2 (13,067 sq mi) and a population of 2.38 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised breakaway state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 51 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 3Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 71.47years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -29.8Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -1.36% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 75.81years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 66.83years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 135 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 5,751int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd70 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 20.4Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita44 obs · 1973 CE–2022 CE | 6,674.872011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Current Account Usd36 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | -3.9Bcurrent US$2025 CE · IMF World Economic Outlook |
| Female Labor Force Participation35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 72.18%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP Real Growth35 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 2.42% annual2025 CE · IMF World Economic Outlook |
Military
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP64 obs · 1993 CE–2024 CE | 0.5978% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd32 obs · 1993 CE–2024 CE | 103.16millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd32 obs · 1993 CE–2024 CE | 110.7Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure per capita30 obs · 1995 CE–2024 CE | 36.27usd_current2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Armed Forces Personnel29 obs · 1992 CE–2020 CE | 6,000persons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mil Equip Air Defence Surface To Air Missiles22 obs · 1993 CE–2014 CE | 23count2014 CE · rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 56.82% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 11.74% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 33.9Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 8.21mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 3.42t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 2.2mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 29 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Largest Opposition Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 27.2percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 101seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Government Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 63count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Opposition Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 38count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Govt Party Vote Share46 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 52.8percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Electoral Democracy Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.632index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 53 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 130.77per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Hospital Beds Per 100044 obs · 1980 CE–2023 CE | 5.54per_10002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Physicians Per 100041 obs · 1980 CE–2023 CE | 4.02per_10002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 18.68%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Freedom Of Expression Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.701index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Electricity Access %34 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
19 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Mircea SnegurHead of State1990 CE – 1997 CE
- Petru LucinschiHead of State1997 CE – 2001 CE
- Vladimir VoroninHead of State2001 CE – 2009 CE
- Vlad FilatHead of Government2009 CE – 2013 CE
- Nicolae TimoftiHead of State2012 CE – 2016 CE
- Iurie LeancăHead of Government2013 CE – 2015 CE
- Chiril GaburiciHead of Government2015 CE
- Gheorghe BregaHead of Government2015 CE – 2016 CE
- Natalia GhermanHead of Government2015 CE
- Valeriu StrelețHead of Government2015 CE
- Igor DodonHead of State2016 CE – 2020 CE
- Pavel FilipHead of Government2016 CE – 2019 CE
- Ion ChicuHead of Government2019 CE – 2020 CE
- Maia SanduHead of Government2019 CE
- Aureliu CiocoiHead of Government2020 CE – 2021 CE
- Maia SanduHead of State2020 CE –
- Natalia GavrilițaHead of Government2021 CE – 2023 CE
- Dorin ReceanHead of Government2023 CE – 2025 CE
- Alexandru MunteanuHead of Government2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Maia SANDU (since 24 December 2020); head of government: Prime Minister Alexandru MUNTEANU (since 1 November 2025); cabinet: Cabinet proposed by the prime minister-designate, nominated by the president, approved through a vote of confidence in Parliament;
- Ethnic groups
- Moldovan 75.1%, Romanian 7%, Ukrainian 6.6%, Gagauz 4.6%, Russian 4.1%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 0.8% (2014 est.)
- Natural resources
- lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, limestone, arable land
- Economy
- upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Moldovan/Romanian
- Currency
- Moldovan lei (MDL)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1992 CE –
- Moldova–Ukraine Non-Aggression Pact (1992)Historical alliance · member1992 CE –
- Poland–Moldova Non-Aggression Pact (1994)Historical alliance · member1994 CE –
- 12-member Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1995 CE –
- Moldova–Lithuania Non-Aggression Pact (1995)Historical alliance · member1995 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
IMF World Economic Outlook9.0.0
International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook (WEO). https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.RES:WEO
© IMF, https://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0v1.0
Reconstructed Data on Military Capabilities (rDMC), v1.0. Harvard Dataverse.
Academic use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Moldova is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.