Polity · 1990 CE – present
Republic of Lithuania
Lietuva · Lietuvos Respublika
Also recorded as Lithuania
- Peak recorded area
- 83,882 km²
- 1918 CE
- Rulers on record
- 7
- from 1993 CE
- Data series
- 380
- 1990 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), and has a population of 2.9 million.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
5 dated territorial extents on record from CShapes 2.0. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. Cliopatria holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 2.8Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 76.32years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -24.6Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -1.5% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 80.93years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 71.61years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 137 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 31Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd62 obs · 1995 CE–2025 CE | 95.2Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Total Exports47 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | 32Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports47 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | 35Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance47 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | -3,010.3million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness47 obs · 1918 CE–2014 CE | 67Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 42 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP65 obs · 1993 CE–2025 CE | 4% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| CINC Score49 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 0.0005CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production49 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption48 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 19.7Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure48 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 642Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel48 obs · 1918 CE–2016 CE | 16Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 36.79% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 35.23% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 65.3Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 12.97mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 4.49t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 3.23mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index57 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.799index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index57 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.734index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index57 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.578index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type57 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index57 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.926index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 141seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index57 obs · 1918 CE–2024 CE | 0.936index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 137.2per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Hospital Beds Per 100039 obs · 1980 CE–2022 CE | 5.71per_10002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 7.67%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Physicians Per 100038 obs · 1985 CE–2022 CE | 4.47per_10002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Access %34 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
7 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Algirdas BrazauskasHead of State1993 CE – 1998 CE
- Valdas AdamkusHead of State1998 CE – 2003 CE
- Dalia GrybauskaitėHead of State2009 CE – 2019 CE
- Gitanas NausėdaHead of State2019 CE –
- Ingrida ŠimonytėHead of Government2020 CE – 2024 CE
- Gintautas PaluckasHead of Government2024 CE – 2025 CE
- Inga RuginienėHead of Government2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus
- Government type
- semi-presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019); head of government: Prime Minister Inga RUGINIENE (since 25 September 2025); cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament;
- Ethnic groups
- Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)
- Natural resources
- peat, arable land, amber
- Economy
- high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Lithuanian
- Currency
- euros (EUR)
Memberships
- Russia–Lithuania Non-Aggression Pact (1926)Historical alliance · member1926 CE – 1939 CE
- Estonia–Latvia–Lithuania Entente (1934)Historical alliance · member1934 CE – 1940 CE
- Russia–Lithuania Defense Pact (1939)Military alliance · member1939 CE – 1940 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1991 CE –
- Lithuania–Ukraine Non-Aggression Pact (1994)Historical alliance · member1994 CE –
- Poland–Lithuania Non-Aggression Pact (1994)Historical alliance · member1994 CE –
- Moldova–Lithuania Non-Aggression Pact (1995)Historical alliance · member1995 CE –
- Lithuania–Belarus Non-Aggression Pact (1995)Historical alliance · member1995 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member2004 CE –
- European UnionEUEconomic bloc · member2004 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
CShapes 2.02.0
Schvitz, G. et al. (2022). Mapping the International System, 1886-2019: The CShapes 2.0 Dataset. Journal of Conflict Resolution 66(1).
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Lithuania is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.