Polity · 2014 CE – present
Republic of Iraq
جمهورية العراق · Republik Iraq · Iraq
Also recorded as Iraq
- Peak recorded area
- 439,173 km²
- 2014 CE
- Rulers on record
- 42
- from 1963 CE
- Data series
- 412
- 2014 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. Located within the geo-political region of the Middle East, it is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population144 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 47Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy129 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 72.53years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth105 obs · 1961 CE–2025 CE | 2.1% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration79 obs · 1986 CE–2025 CE | -1,064persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female78 obs · 1986 CE–2025 CE | 74.33years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male78 obs · 1986 CE–2025 CE | 70.59years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 152 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd92 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 254.4Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agriculture % GDP58 obs · 1968 CE–2025 CE | 3.41% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Industry % GDP58 obs · 1968 CE–2025 CE | 45.39% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Services % GDP58 obs · 1968 CE–2025 CE | 52.27% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Inflation54 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 0.3035% annual2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mineral Rents % GDP52 obs · 1970 CE–2021 CE | 0%2021 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP55 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 2.36% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd43 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 6.2Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Armed Forces Personnel33 obs · 1985 CE–2020 CE | 459Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score31 obs · 1986 CE–2016 CE | 0.005CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption31 obs · 1986 CE–2016 CE | 66.4Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production31 obs · 1986 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %101 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 11.45% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 1.9% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 435.1Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Stress Level %48 obs · 1975 CE–2022 CE | 59.58%2022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Withdrawal Agriculture %48 obs · 1975 CE–2022 CE | 73.47%2022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Water Withdrawal Domestic %48 obs · 1975 CE–2022 CE | 15.88%2022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 0.351index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 0.228index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 0.199index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 0.282index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Checks And Balances38 obs · 1986 CE–2023 CE | 3count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Dpt Immunization %39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 90%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Freedom Of Expression Index39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 0.559index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Measles Immunization %39 obs · 1986 CE–2024 CE | 91%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10038 obs · 1986 CE–2023 CE | 101.39per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance38 obs · 1986 CE–2023 CE | 65.99%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
| Basic Sanitation Access %25 obs · 2000 CE–2024 CE | 98.5%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
42 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Abdul Salam ArifPresident of Iraq1963 CE – 1966 CE
- Tahir YahyaPrime Minister of Iraq1963 CE – 1965 CE
- Abd ar-Rahman al-BazzazPrime Minister of Iraq1965 CE – 1966 CE
- Arif Abd ar-RazzaqPrime Minister of Iraq1965 CE
- Abd ar-Rahman al-BazzazPresident of Iraq1966 CE
- Abdul Rahman ArifPresident of Iraq1966 CE – 1968 CE
- Naji TalibPrime Minister of Iraq1966 CE – 1967 CE
- Abdul Rahman ArifPrime Minister of Iraq1967 CE – 1968 CE
- Abd ar-Razzaq an-NaifPrime Minister of Iraq1968 CE
- Ahmed Hassan al-BakrPresident of Iraq1968 CE – 1979 CE
- Saddam HusseinVice President of Iraq1968 CE – 1979 CE
- Izzat Ibrahim al-DouriVice President of Iraq1979 CE – 2003 CE
- Saddam HusseinPrime Minister of Iraq1979 CE – 1991 CE
- Saddam HusseinPresident of Iraq1979 CE – 2003 CE
- Mohammed Hamza ZubeidiPrime Minister of Iraq1991 CE – 1993 CE
- Taha Yassin RamadanVice President of Iraq1991 CE – 2003 CE
- Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-SamarraiPrime Minister of Iraq1993 CE – 1994 CE
- Abdul Aziz al-HakimPrime Minister of Iraq2003 CE
- Ahmed ChalabiPrime Minister of Iraq2003 CE
- Ayad AllawiPrime Minister of Iraq2003 CE
- Ibrahim al-JaafariPrime Minister of Iraq2003 CE
- Jalal TalabaniPrime Minister of Iraq2003 CE
- Mohammad Bahr al-UlloumPrime Minister of Iraq2003 CE
- Adnan PachachiPrime Minister of Iraq2004 CE
- Ezzedine SalimPrime Minister of Iraq2004 CE
- Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-YawerPresident of Iraq2004 CE – 2005 CE
- Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-YawerPrime Minister of Iraq2004 CE
- Masoud BarzaniPrime Minister of Iraq2004 CE
- Mohsen Abdel HamidPrime Minister of Iraq2004 CE
- Rowsch ShawaysVice President of Iraq2004 CE – 2005 CE
- Adil Abdul-MahdiVice President of Iraq2005 CE – 2011 CE
- Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-YawerVice President of Iraq2005 CE – 2006 CE
- Jalal TalabaniPresident of Iraq2005 CE – 2014 CE
- Nouri al-MalikiPrime Minister of Iraq2007 CE – 2014 CE
- Ayad AllawiVice President of Iraq2014 CE – 2015 CE
- Fuad MasumPresident of Iraq2014 CE – 2018 CE
- Haider Al-AbadiPrime Minister of Iraq2014 CE – 2018 CE
- Adil Abdul-MahdiPrime Minister of Iraq2018 CE – 2020 CE
- Barham SalihHead of State2018 CE – 2022 CE
- Mustafa Al-KadhimiHead of Government2020 CE – 2022 CE
- Abdul Latif RashidHead of State2022 CE –
- Muhammad Shia' al-SudaniHead of Government2022 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
- Government type
- federal parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Latif RASHID (since 13 October 2022); head of government: Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-SUDANI (since 27 October 2022); cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, approved by Council of Representatives (COR);
- Ethnic groups
- Arab 75-80%, Kurdish 15-20%, other 5% (includes Turkmen, Yezidi, Shabak, Kaka'i, Bedouin, Romani, Assyrian, Circassian, Sabaean-Mandaean, Persian)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
- Economy
- highly oil-dependent Middle Eastern economy; fiscal sustainability subject to fluctuation in oil prices; rising public confidence in economic conditions; import-dependent for most sectors; persistent challenges of corruption, informal markets, banking access, and political fragility
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Arabic, Kurdish
- Currency
- Iraqi dinars (IQD)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- Arab LeagueALInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- CENTOCENTOMilitary alliance · founding member1955 CE – 1959 CE
- OPECOPECEconomic bloc · founding member1960 CE –
- Organisation of Islamic CooperationOICInternational organisation · founding member1969 CE –
- Iraq–Saudi Arabia Non-Aggression Pact (1989)Historical alliance · member1989 CE – 1990 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Iraq is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.