Polity · 1946 CE – present
Republic of Indonesia
Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia · Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia · Republik Indonesia
Also recorded as Indonesia
- Peak recorded area
- 2,038,710 km²
- 1976 CE
- Rulers on record
- 8
- from 1945 CE
- Data series
- 469
- 1946 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Comprising over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres. Indonesia has significant areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
9 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 4 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 67 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population220 obs · 1946 CE–2025 CE | 285.7Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 71.44years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -39.5Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.769% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 73.61years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 69.29years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 159 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd105 obs · 1967 CE–2025 CE | 1.4Tcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita74 obs · 1949 CE–2022 CE | 12.8K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP74 obs · 1946 CE–2019 CE | 11.9Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| Inflation66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 1.91% annual2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Total Exports66 obs · 1949 CE–2014 CE | 176.3Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports66 obs · 1949 CE–2014 CE | 178.2Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 65 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score68 obs · 1949 CE–2016 CE | 0.0162CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption68 obs · 1949 CE–2016 CE | 319.8Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production68 obs · 1949 CE–2016 CE | 4.7Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure68 obs · 1949 CE–2016 CE | 8.2Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel68 obs · 1949 CE–2016 CE | 396Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP52 obs · 1974 CE–2024 CE | 0.7792% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Territory & resources
6 of 87 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 9.4% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 4,714.22TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 713.89TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 347.96TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 47.72% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 29.13%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 31 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 0.483index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 0.326index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 0.318index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 0.399index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity267 obs · 1946 CE–2012 CE | 8index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index79 obs · 1946 CE–2024 CE | 0.721index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Primary Enrollment Gross %53 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 100.04%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Tertiary Enrollment Gross %53 obs · 1970 CE–2023 CE | 44.88%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 125.24per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Secondary Enrollment Gross %52 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 98.84%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Tech Radios51 obs · 1949 CE–1999 CE | 32.5Kcount1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
8 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- SukarnoHead of State1945 CE – 1967 CE
- SuhartoHead of State1967 CE – 1998 CE
- B. J. HabibieHead of State1998 CE – 1999 CE
- Abdurrahman WahidHead of State1999 CE – 2001 CE
- Megawati SoekarnoputriHead of State2001 CE – 2004 CE
- Susilo Bambang YudhoyonoHead of State2004 CE – 2014 CE
- Joko WidodoHead of State2014 CE – 2024 CE
- Prabowo SubiantoHead of State2024 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024); head of government: President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
- Economy
- upper middle-income, largest and growing Southeast Asian economy; higher lending rates to moderate inflation; ongoing relocation of capital fueling infrastructure projects; major tourism sector prompting green economy goals
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Bahasa Indonesia
- Currency
- Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Memberships
- Non-Aligned MovementNAMInternational organisation · founding member1961 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1966 CE –
- ASEANASEANEconomic bloc · founding member1967 CE –
- Organisation of Islamic CooperationOICInternational organisation · founding member1969 CE –
- Indonesia–Australia Entente (1995)Historical alliance · member1995 CE – 1999 CE
- G20G20Political union · founding member1999 CE –
- BRICSBRICSEconomic bloc · member2025 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Indonesia is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.