Polity · 1977 CE – present
Republic of Djibouti
République de Djibouti · جمهورية جيبوتي · Jabuuti
Also recorded as Djibouti
- Peak recorded area
- 22,109 km²
- 1979 CE
- Rulers on record
- 8
- from 1977 CE
- Data series
- 302
- 1977 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi).
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.2Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 66.41years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -581persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.27% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 68.96years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 63.92years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 112 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 3,505int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd75 obs · 1985 CE–2025 CE | 4.6Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 3,623.062011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Fao Asses Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 8,413head2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Camels Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 72Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cattle Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 317.9Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 22 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP43 obs · 1978 CE–2019 CE | 3.5% of GDP2019 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| CINC Score40 obs · 1977 CE–2016 CE | 0.0002CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption40 obs · 1977 CE–2016 CE | 171Kcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production40 obs · 1977 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel40 obs · 1977 CE–2016 CE | 10Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Mil Equip Aircraft Transport35 obs · 1980 CE–2014 CE | 3count2014 CE · rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.1294% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 0.2607% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 73.51%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0026hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 1.7Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Arable Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 3,000ha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 29 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.25index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.121index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.143index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.32index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Largest Govt Party Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 87.83percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 29 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.342index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 48.45per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %43 obs · 1982 CE–2024 CE | 77%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Measles Immunization %43 obs · 1982 CE–2024 CE | 75%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Pupil Teacher Ratio Primary39 obs · 1971 CE–2018 CE | 29.37ratio2018 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Who Skilled Birth Attendance39 obs · 1985 CE–2023 CE | 161.88%2023 CE · WHO Global Health Observatory |
Rulers
8 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Ahmed Dini AhmedPrime Minister of Djibouti1977 CE – 1978 CE
- Hassan Gouled AptidonPresident of Djibouti1977 CE – 1999 CE
- Hassan Gouled AptidonPrime Minister of Djibouti1977 CE
- Abdallah Mohamed KamilPrime Minister of Djibouti1978 CE
- Barkat Gourad HamadouPrime Minister of Djibouti1978 CE – 2001 CE
- Ismail Omar GuellehHead of State1999 CE –
- Dileita Mohamed DileitaHead of Government2001 CE – 2013 CE
- Abdoulkader Kamil MohamedHead of Government2013 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999); head of government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil MOHAMED (since 1 April 2013); cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister;
- Ethnic groups
- Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (mostly Yemeni Arab, also French, Ethiopian, and Italian)
- Natural resources
- potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum
- Economy
- food import-dependent Horn of Africa economy driven by various national military bases and port-based trade; fairly resilient from COVID-19 disruptions; major re-exporter; increasing Ethiopian and Chinese trade relations; investing in infrastructure
Language & currency
- Currency
- Djiboutian francs (DJF)
Memberships
- 23-member Entente (1945)Historical alliance · member1975 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1977 CE –
- Arab LeagueALInternational organisation · member1977 CE –
- African UnionAUInternational organisation · founding member2002 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0v1.0
Reconstructed Data on Military Capabilities (rDMC), v1.0. Harvard Dataverse.
Academic use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
WHO Global Health Observatory2024
World Health Organization (2024). Global Health Observatory data repository.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Djibouti is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.