Polity · 1992 CE – present
Republic of Belarus
Республика Беларусь · Рэспубліка Беларусь · Беларусь
Also recorded as Belarus
- Peak recorded area
- 208,525 km²
- 1992 CE
- Rulers on record
- 17
- from 1991 CE
- Data series
- 381
- 1992 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) with a population of 9.1 million. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into six regions.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 9Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 74.79years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -3,020persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -0.664% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 79.37years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 69.94years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 137 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 20.4Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd69 obs · 1990 CE–2025 CE | 93.4Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita44 obs · 1973 CE–2022 CE | 18.7K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Electricity Generation40 obs · 1985 CE–2024 CE | 45.69TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Energy per capita40 obs · 1985 CE–2024 CE | 34.6KkWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Fossil Fuel Consumption40 obs · 1985 CE–2024 CE | 271.51TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Military
6 of 42 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP66 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 2.07% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd33 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 1,725.37millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd33 obs · 1992 CE–2024 CE | 1.5Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure per capita30 obs · 1995 CE–2024 CE | 164.14usd_current2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Armed Forces Personnel29 obs · 1992 CE–2020 CE | 158Kpersons2020 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 0.0016CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 27.43% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %64 obs · 1992 CE–2023 CE | 43.41% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 207.6Ksq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 54.22mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 5.94t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 18.41mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Legislature Total Seats49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 19seats2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Government Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 19count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Num Opposition Parties49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Largest Opposition Vote Share40 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Electoral Democracy Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.161index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index35 obs · 1990 CE–2024 CE | 0.036index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 53 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Primary Enrollment Gross %54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 96.82%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 128.98per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate51 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 100.82%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Completion Rate50 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 95.77%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Tertiary Enrollment Gross %47 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 70.11%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Secondary Enrollment Gross %45 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 94.79%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
17 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Viačasław KiebičPrime Minister of Belarus1991 CE – 1994 CE
- Alexander LukashenkoHead of State1994 CE –
- Michaił ČyhirPrime Minister of Belarus1994 CE – 1996 CE
- Siarhiej LinhPrime Minister of Belarus1996 CE – 2000 CE
- Uładzimier JarmošynPrime Minister of Belarus2000 CE – 2001 CE
- Hienadź NavickiPrime Minister of Belarus2001 CE – 2003 CE
- Siarhiej SidorskiPrime Minister of Belarus2003 CE – 2010 CE
- Uładzimier SiamaškaFirst Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus2003 CE – 2014 CE
- Michaił MiasnikovičPrime Minister of Belarus2010 CE – 2014 CE
- Andrej KabjakowPrime Minister of Belarus2014 CE – 2018 CE
- Vasil MaciušewskiFirst Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus2014 CE – 2018 CE
- Alaksandar TurčynFirst Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus2018 CE – 2019 CE
- Siarhiej RumasHead of Government2018 CE – 2020 CE
- Źmicier KrutyFirst Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus2019 CE – 2020 CE
- Mikałaj SnapkowFirst Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus2020 CE –
- Raman HałowčankaHead of Government2020 CE – 2025 CE
- Alaksandar TurčynHead of Government2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Eastern Europe, east of Poland
- Government type
- presidential republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA (since 20 July 1994); head of government: Prime Minister Alyaksandr TURCHYN (since 10 March 2025); cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- Belarusian 83.7%, Russian 8.3%, Polish 3.1%, Ukrainian 1.7%, other 2.4%, unspecified 0.9% (2009 est.)
- Natural resources
- timber, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay
- Economy
- declining Russian energy subsidies will end in 2024; growing public debt; strong currency pressures have led to higher inflation; recent price controls on basic food and drugs; public sector wage increases and fragile private sector threaten household income gains and economic growth
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Belarusian, Russian
- Currency
- Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1991 CE –
- 9-member Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1992 CE –
- Poland–Belarus Non-Aggression Pact (1992)Historical alliance · member1992 CE –
- Bulgaria–Belarus Non-Aggression Pact (1993)Historical alliance · member1993 CE –
- 12-member Defense Pact (1992)Military alliance · member1993 CE –
- Lithuania–Belarus Non-Aggression Pact (1995)Historical alliance · member1995 CE –
- Russia–Belarus Defense Pact (1997)Military alliance · member1997 CE –
- CSTOCSTOMilitary alliance · founding member2002 CE –
- Russia–Belarus Defense Pact (2009)Military alliance · member2009 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Belarus is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.