Polity · 1991 CE – present
Republic of Albania
Republika e Shqipërisë · Shqipëria · Republika e Shqiperise
- Peak recorded area
- 27,866 km²
- 2006 CE
- Rulers on record
- 26
- from 1944 CE
- Data series
- 370
- 1991 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Albania, officially the Republic of Albania, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. With an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi), it has a varied range of climatic, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
4 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population103 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 2.8Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy92 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 79.95years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration69 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | -24.2Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female68 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 81.74years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male68 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 78.12years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Infant Mortality Rate35 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 6.9per 1000 live births2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 140 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Current Account Balance % GDP34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | -2.4%_gdp2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Current Account % GDP34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | -2.43% of GDP2024 CE · IMF World Economic Outlook |
| Current Account Usd34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | -656.8Mcurrent US$2024 CE · IMF World Economic Outlook |
| External Debt % Gni34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 39.72%_gni2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Asses Stocks34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 44.9Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Barley Area Harvested34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 7,500ha2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 40 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 0.0002CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 1.5Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 50Ktons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 115Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel26 obs · 1991 CE–2016 CE | 8,000persons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Mil Equip Armoured Fighting Vehicles Transport24 obs · 1991 CE–2014 CE | 6count2014 CE · rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Fao Forest Land35 obs · 1991 CE–2025 CE | 941Kha2025 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 4.24mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 1.79t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 1.91mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Nitrous Oxide Emissions Mt Co2e34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.7271mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Agricultural Land %33 obs · 1991 CE–2023 CE | 38.12%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.507index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.396index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.309index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.574index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Executive Years In Office33 obs · 1991 CE–2023 CE | 10years2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 49 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Dpt Immunization %34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 97%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Freedom Of Expression Index34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 0.698index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Measles Immunization %34 obs · 1991 CE–2024 CE | 81%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Access %33 obs · 1991 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Access Rural %33 obs · 1991 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Electricity Access Urban %33 obs · 1991 CE–2023 CE | 100%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
26 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Enver HoxhaPrime Minister of Albania1944 CE – 1954 CE
- Omer NishaniPresident of Albania1946 CE – 1953 CE
- Haxhi LleshiPresident of Albania1953 CE – 1982 CE
- Mehmet ShehuPrime Minister of Albania1954 CE – 1981 CE
- Adil ÇarçaniPrime Minister of Albania1981 CE – 1991 CE
- Fatos NanoPrime Minister of Albania1991 CE
- Ramiz AliaPresident of Albania1991 CE – 1992 CE
- Ylli BufiPrime Minister of Albania1991 CE
- Sali BerishaPresident of Albania1992 CE – 1997 CE
- Bashkim FinoPrime Minister of Albania1997 CE
- Bashkim FinoDeputy Prime Minister of Albania1997 CE – 1998 CE
- Rexhep MeidaniPresident of Albania1997 CE – 2002 CE
- Pandeli MajkoPrime Minister of Albania1998 CE – 1999 CE
- Ilir MetaPrime Minister of Albania1999 CE – 2002 CE
- Alfred MoisiuPresident of Albania2002 CE – 2007 CE
- Ermelinda MeksiDeputy Prime Minister of Albania2003 CE
- Sali BerishaPrime Minister of Albania2005 CE – 2013 CE
- Bamir TopiPresident of Albania2007 CE – 2012 CE
- Bujar NishaniPresident of Albania2012 CE – 2017 CE
- Edi RamaPrime Minister of Albania2013 CE –
- Ilir MetaHead of State2017 CE –
- Senida MesiDeputy Prime Minister of Albania2017 CE – 2019 CE
- Erion BraçeDeputy Prime Minister of Albania2019 CE – 2021 CE
- Arben AhmetajDeputy Prime Minister of Albania2021 CE – 2022 CE
- Bajram BegajHead of State2022 CE –
- Belinda BallukuDeputy Prime Minister of Albania2022 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece to the south and Montenegro and Kosovo to the north
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Bajram BEGAJ (since 24 July 2022); head of government: Prime Minister Edi RAMA (since 10 September 2013); cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and approved by the Assembly;
- Ethnic groups
- Albanian 82.6%, Greek 0.9%, other 1% (including Vlach, Romani, Macedonian, Montenegrin, and Egyptian), unspecified 15.5% (2011 est.)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower, arable land
- Economy
- upper-middle-income Balkan economy; EU accession candidate; growth bolstered by tourism, agriculture, mining, construction, and private consumption; fiscal consolidation through revenue collection and tax compliance enhancements to address public debt; challenges include weak governance, corruption, and high emigration rates
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Albanian
- Currency
- leke (ALL)
Memberships
- Warsaw PactWPMilitary alliance · founding member1955 CE – 1968 CE
- Albania–Turkey Non-Aggression Pact (1992)Historical alliance · member1992 CE –
- Albania–Bulgaria Non-Aggression Pact (1993)Historical alliance · member1993 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member2009 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
IMF World Economic Outlook9.0.0
International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook (WEO). https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.RES:WEO
© IMF, https://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm
rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0v1.0
Reconstructed Data on Military Capabilities (rDMC), v1.0. Harvard Dataverse.
Academic use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Republic of Albania is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.