Polity · 1911 CE – 1925 CE
Portuguese Republic
Portugal · República Portuguesa · Republica Portuguesa
- Peak recorded area
- 2,203,460 km²
- 1914 CE
- Rulers on record
- 14
- from 1912 CE
- Data series
- 46
- 1911 CE–1925 CE
Overview
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is a unitary republic made up by mainland Portugal and two autonomous regions, with Lisbon as both its capital and largest city. It has a total population of over 10.7 million. The mainland borders Spain to the north and east, with Madeira and the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
10 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1925 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population111 obs · 1 CE–1925 CE | 6.4Mpersons1925 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Urban Population110 obs · 1816 CE–1925 CE | 745Kpersons1925 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| City Pop Lisbon2 obs · 1914 CE–1925 CE | 567Kpersons1925 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Oporto | 256Kpersons1925 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| Community Size | 3ordinal1920 CE · D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock) |
| Height Men | 164.88cm1920 CE · Clio-Infra |
Economy
6 of 14 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita385 obs · 1 CE–1925 CE | 2,3052011 int'l $1925 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP226 obs · 1700 CE–1925 CE | 2,708int'l $ (inflation adj.)1925 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports56 obs · 1870 CE–1925 CE | 43.45million USD (current)1925 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports56 obs · 1870 CE–1925 CE | 124.48million USD (current)1925 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance56 obs · 1870 CE–1925 CE | -81.04million USD (current)1925 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness56 obs · 1870 CE–1925 CE | 167.93million USD (current)1925 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score110 obs · 1816 CE–1925 CE | 0.0036CINC (share of world capability)1925 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption110 obs · 1816 CE–1925 CE | 1.2Mcoal-ton equivalents1925 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production110 obs · 1816 CE–1925 CE | 0tons1925 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel109 obs · 1816 CE–1925 CE | 51Kpersons1925 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP79 obs · 1835 CE–1913 CE | 2.7Mcurrent GBP1913 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure12 obs · 1914 CE–1925 CE | 8.9Mcurrent USD1925 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production26 obs · 1900 CE–1925 CE | 0.948TWh1925 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index137 obs · 1789 CE–1925 CE | 0.25index (0-1)1925 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index137 obs · 1789 CE–1925 CE | 0.108index (0-1)1925 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index137 obs · 1789 CE–1925 CE | 0.623index (0-1)1925 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index93 obs · 1833 CE–1925 CE | 0.185index (0-1)1925 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type26 obs · 1900 CE–1925 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)1925 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity215 obs · 1911 CE–1925 CE | 7index (-10 to 10)1925 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 9 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index137 obs · 1789 CE–1925 CE | 0.58index (0-1)1925 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Line Km15 obs · 1911 CE–1925 CE | 3,204km1925 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph8 obs · 1911 CE–1925 CE | 2.76count1925 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Electricity Production6 obs · 1920 CE–1925 CE | 150MGWh1925 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items6 obs · 1911 CE–1923 CE | 123items1923 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage6 obs · 1920 CE–1925 CE | 267gross tons1925 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
14 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Duarte LeitePrime Minister of Portugal1912 CE – 1913 CE
- Afonso CostaPrime Minister of Portugal1913 CE – 1914 CE
- Álvaro de CastroPrime Minister of Portugal1920 CE
- José Ramos PretoPrime Minister of Portugal1920 CE
- Liberato PintoPrime Minister of Portugal1920 CE – 1921 CE
- Bernardino MachadoPrime Minister of Portugal1921 CE
- Carlos Maia PintoPrime Minister of Portugal1921 CE
- Francisco Cunha LealPrime Minister of Portugal1921 CE – 1922 CE
- Manuel Maria CoelhoPrime Minister of Portugal1921 CE
- Tomé de Barros QueirósPrime Minister of Portugal1921 CE
- António Ginestal MachadoPrime Minister of Portugal1923 CE
- Alfredo Rodrigues GasparPrime Minister of Portugal1924 CE
- José Domingues dos SantosPrime Minister of Portugal1924 CE – 1925 CE
- Vitorino GuimarãesPrime Minister of Portugal1925 CE
Language & currency
- Currency
- euros (EUR)
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
D-PLACE Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock)Ethnographic Atlas (D-PLACE 2.3)
Kirby, K.R. et al. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7).
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Portuguese Republic is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.