Polity · 1971 CE – present
People's Republic of Bangladesh
বাংলাদেশ · গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ · Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh
Also recorded as Bangladesh
- Peak recorded area
- 144,765 km²
- 1973 CE
- Rulers on record
- 13
- from 1971 CE
- Data series
- 417
- 1971 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world and among the most densely populated with a population of over 174 million within an area of 148,460 square kilometres (57,320 sq mi). Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the north, west, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 175.7Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 75.2years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -402.1Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.22% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 76.94years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 73.55years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 152 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP420 obs · 1600 CE–2019 CE | 3,944int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 456.3Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 4,925.722011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Real Wage67 obs · 1837 CE–1998 CE | 9.68index (1500=1)1998 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Agriculture % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 11.42% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Industry % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 34.03% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 53 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP104 obs · 1973 CE–2024 CE | 0.9413% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million53 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 70tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd52 obs · 1973 CE–2024 CE | 3,934.76millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd52 obs · 1973 CE–2024 CE | 4Bcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| CINC Score46 obs · 1971 CE–2016 CE | 0.0077CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption45 obs · 1972 CE–2016 CE | 58.9Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 64 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 60.63% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 197.25TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 2.57TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 14.49% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 72.31%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.046hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 29 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 0.201index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 0.068index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 0.09index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 0.107index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Checks And Balances49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 3count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 0.308index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 114.36per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles50 obs · 1947 CE–1996 CE | 126count1996 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars50 obs · 1947 CE–1996 CE | 106.4Kcount1996 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km46 obs · 1947 CE–1993 CE | 2,706km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Dpt Immunization %44 obs · 1981 CE–2024 CE | 97%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
13 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Sheikh Mujibur RahmanHead of State1971 CE – 1972 CE
- Syed Nazrul IslamHead of State1971 CE – 1972 CE
- Khaleda ZiaHead of Government1991 CE – 1996 CE
- Muhammad Habibur RahmanHead of Government1996 CE
- Sheikh HasinaHead of Government1996 CE – 2001 CE
- Latifur RahmanHead of Government2001 CE
- Iajuddin AhmedHead of Government2006 CE – 2007 CE
- Fakhruddin AhmedHead of Government2007 CE – 2009 CE
- Fazlul HaqueHead of Government2007 CE
- Zillur RahmanHead of State2009 CE – 2013 CE
- Abdul HamidHead of State2013 CE – 2023 CE
- Mohammad ShahabuddinHead of State2023 CE –
- Muhammad YunusHead of Government2024 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Mohammad SHAHABUDDIN Chuppi (since 24 April 2023); head of government: Interim Prime Minister Muhammad YUNUS (since 8 August 2024); cabinet: Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- Bengali at least 99%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1% (2022 est.)
- Natural resources
- natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
- Economy
- one of the fastest growing emerging market economies; strong economic rebound following COVID-19; significant poverty reduction; exports dominated by textile industry; weakened exports and remittances resulted in declining foreign exchange reserves and 2022 IMF loan request
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Bangla
- Currency
- taka (BDT)
Memberships
- Commonwealth of NationsCWInternational organisation · member1972 CE –
- India–Bangladesh Non-Aggression Pact (1972)Historical alliance · member1972 CE – 1997 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1974 CE –
- Organisation of Islamic CooperationOICInternational organisation · member1974 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
People's Republic of Bangladesh is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.