Polity · 1811 CE – present
Paraguay
República del Paraguay · Paraguái Tavakuairetã · Paraguái
Also recorded as Republic of Paraguay
- Peak recorded area
- 402,453 km²
- 1936 CE
- Rulers on record
- 40
- from 1813 CE
- Data series
- 397
- 1811 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country located in the central region of South America. It borders Bolivia to the northwest and north, Brazil to the northeast and east, and Argentina to the southeast, south, and west. Paraguay has access to the Atlantic Ocean via the Paraná–Paraguay Waterway. The country is governed as a unitary presidential republic composed of a capital district and seventeen departments. Its capital and largest city is Asunción.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
10 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population269 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 7Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Urban Population166 obs · 1846 CE–2016 CE | 3.4Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 74.11years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -12.4Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.19% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 77.22years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 153 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 9,110int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports140 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 9,652.96million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports140 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 12.4Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance140 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | -2,775.88million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness140 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 22.1Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| GDP Current Usd111 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 49.3Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Military
6 of 42 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score166 obs · 1846 CE–2016 CE | 0.0006CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption166 obs · 1846 CE–2016 CE | 4.7Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production166 obs · 1846 CE–2016 CE | 35Ktons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel166 obs · 1846 CE–2016 CE | 11Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure91 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 267Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 0.9331% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Territory & resources
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 11.52% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 38.54% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 54.11%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.6664hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 21.4Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Arable Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 4.6Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 25 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index214 obs · 1811 CE–2024 CE | 0.579index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index214 obs · 1811 CE–2024 CE | 0.388index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index214 obs · 1811 CE–2024 CE | 0.343index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index214 obs · 1811 CE–2024 CE | 0.436index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2202 obs · 1811 CE–2012 CE | 8index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 2RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index214 obs · 1811 CE–2024 CE | 0.747index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Radios155 obs · 1815 CE–1999 CE | 977count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km153 obs · 1845 CE–1999 CE | 441km1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telephones60 obs · 1913 CE–1988 CE | 112Kcount1988 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Newspaper Circulation54 obs · 1946 CE–1999 CE | 303.1Kcirculation1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 126.61per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
40 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- José Gaspar Rodríguez de FranciaPresident of Paraguay1813 CE – 1814 CE
- Manuel Antonio OrtizPresident of Paraguay1840 CE – 1841 CE
- Carlos Antonio LópezPresident of Paraguay1844 CE – 1862 CE
- Mariano GonzálezVice President of Paraguay1844 CE – 1845 CE
- Francisco Solano LópezVice President of Paraguay1862 CE
- Francisco Solano LópezPresident of Paraguay1862 CE – 1870 CE
- Facundo MachaínPresident of Paraguay1870 CE
- Cándido BareiroPresident of Paraguay1878 CE – 1880 CE
- Patricio EscobarPresident of Paraguay1886 CE – 1890 CE
- Emilio AcevalPresident of Paraguay1898 CE – 1902 CE
- Andrés Héctor CarvalloPresident of Paraguay1902 CE
- Juan Antonio EscurraPresident of Paraguay1902 CE – 1904 CE
- Juan Bautista GaonaPresident of Paraguay1904 CE – 1905 CE
- Cecilio BáezPresident of Paraguay1905 CE – 1906 CE
- Manuel GondraPresident of Paraguay1910 CE – 1911 CE
- Albino JaraPresident of Paraguay1911 CE
- Liberato Marcial RojasPresident of Paraguay1911 CE – 1912 CE
- José Pedro MonteroPresident of Paraguay1919 CE – 1920 CE
- Eusebio AyalaPresident of Paraguay1921 CE – 1923 CE
- Luis Alberto RiartPresident of Paraguay1924 CE
- Rafael FrancoPresident of Paraguay1936 CE – 1937 CE
- Félix PaivaPresident of Paraguay1937 CE – 1939 CE
- José Félix EstigarribiaPresident of Paraguay1939 CE – 1940 CE
- Higinio MorínigoPresident of Paraguay1940 CE – 1948 CE
- Juan Manuel FrutosPresident of Paraguay1948 CE
- Natalicio GonzálezPresident of Paraguay1948 CE – 1949 CE
- Federico ChávezPresident of Paraguay1949 CE – 1954 CE
- Alfredo olimpiaPresident of Paraguay1954 CE – 1989 CE
- Tomás Romero PereiraPresident of Paraguay1954 CE
- Luis Ángel González MacchiPresident of Paraguay1999 CE – 2003 CE
- Luis CastiglioniVice President of Paraguay2003 CE – 2007 CE
- Nicanor DuartePresident of Paraguay2003 CE – 2008 CE
- Fernando LugoPresident of Paraguay2008 CE – 2012 CE
- Federico FrancoPresident of Paraguay2012 CE – 2013 CE
- Óscar DenisVice President of Paraguay2012 CE – 2013 CE
- Horacio CartesPresident of Paraguay2013 CE – 2018 CE
- Hugo Velázquez MorenoVice President of Paraguay2018 CE – 2023 CE
- Mario Abdo BenítezPresident of Paraguay2018 CE – 2023 CE
- Pedro Lorenzo Alliana RodríguezVice President of Paraguay2023 CE –
- Santiago Peña PalaciosHead of State2023 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Central South America, northeast of Argentina, southwest of Brazil
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Santiago PEÑA Palacios (since 15 August 2023); head of government: President Santiago PEÑA Palacios (since 15 August 2023); cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- Mestizo (mixed Spanish and Indigenous ancestry) 95%, other 5%
- Natural resources
- hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
- Economy
- upper middle-income South American economy; COVID-19 hit while still recovering from 2019 Argentina-driven recession; global hydroelectricity leader; major corruption and money-laundering locale; highly agrarian economy; significant income inequality
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Spanish and Guarani
- Currency
- guarani (PYG)
Memberships
- Paraguay–Argentina Non-Aggression Pact (1856)Historical alliance · member1856 CE – 1862 CE
- 21-member Entente (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1945 CE
- Bolivia–Paraguay Non-Aggression Pact (1938)Historical alliance · member1938 CE –
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1945)Military alliance · member1945 CE – 1947 CE
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE –
- MercosurMERCOSUREconomic bloc · founding member1991 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0