Polity · 1828 CE – present
Oriental Republic of Uruguay
República Oriental del Uruguay · República Oriental del Uruguay
Also recorded as Uruguay
- Peak recorded area
- 180,732 km²
- 1828 CE
- Rulers on record
- 68
- from 1830 CE
- Data series
- 402
- 1828 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 176,215 square kilometers (68,037 sq mi).
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
4 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 55 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population298 obs · 1820 CE–2025 CE | 3.4Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 78.45years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -1,338persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -0.06% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.17years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 74.59years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 148 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 22.7Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita157 obs · 1800 CE–2022 CE | 20.2K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Total Exports133 obs · 1882 CE–2014 CE | 10.5Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports133 obs · 1882 CE–2014 CE | 15.8Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance133 obs · 1882 CE–2014 CE | -5,320.98million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness133 obs · 1882 CE–2014 CE | 26.4Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 54 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score135 obs · 1882 CE–2016 CE | 0.0005CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption135 obs · 1882 CE–2016 CE | 5.6Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production135 obs · 1882 CE–2016 CE | 61Ktons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel129 obs · 1882 CE–2016 CE | 25Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP106 obs · 1972 CE–2024 CE | 2.31% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure90 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 494Mcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 12.57% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 11.96% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 81.35%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.6492hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 14.2Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Arable Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 2.2Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.848index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.769index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.705index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.946index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2183 obs · 1830 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index200 obs · 1825 CE–2024 CE | 0.918index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Line Km155 obs · 1845 CE–1999 CE | 2,993km1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios140 obs · 1828 CE–1999 CE | 2,000count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telephones89 obs · 1889 CE–1988 CE | 482Kcount1988 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Electricity Production87 obs · 1909 CE–2001 CE | 9.3BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage80 obs · 1888 CE–1991 CE | 105gross tons1991 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
68 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Fructuoso RiveraPresident of Uruguay1830 CE – 1834 CE
- Carlos AnayaPresident of Uruguay1834 CE – 1835 CE
- Manuel OribePresident of Uruguay1835 CE – 1838 CE
- Gabriel Antonio PereiraPresident of Uruguay1838 CE – 1839 CE
- Joaquín SuárezPresident of Uruguay1851 CE – 1852 CE
- Juan Francisco GiróPresident of Uruguay1852 CE – 1853 CE
- Juan Antonio LavallejaPresident of Uruguay1853 CE
- Venancio FloresPresident of Uruguay1853 CE – 1854 CE
- Luis LamasPresident of Uruguay1855 CE
- Manuel Basilio BustamantePresident of Uruguay1855 CE – 1856 CE
- José María PláPresident of Uruguay1856 CE
- Bernardo BerroPresident of Uruguay1860 CE – 1864 CE
- Atanasio AguirrePresident of Uruguay1864 CE – 1865 CE
- Tomás VillalbaPresident of Uruguay1865 CE
- Lorenzo Batlle y GrauPresident of Uruguay1868 CE – 1872 CE
- Tomás Gomensoro AlbínPresident of Uruguay1872 CE – 1873 CE
- José Eugenio EllauriPresident of Uruguay1873 CE – 1875 CE
- Pedro CarvePresident of Uruguay1875 CE
- Miguel Alberto Flangini XiménezPresident of Uruguay1882 CE
- Julio Herrera y ObesPresident of Uruguay1890 CE – 1894 CE
- Duncan StewartPresident of Uruguay1894 CE
- José Batlle y OrdóñezPresident of Uruguay1903 CE – 1907 CE
- Feliciano VieraPresident of Uruguay1915 CE – 1919 CE
- Baltasar BrumPresident of Uruguay1919 CE – 1923 CE
- Alfredo BaldomirPresident of Uruguay1938 CE – 1943 CE
- Alberto GuaniVice President of Uruguay1943 CE – 1947 CE
- Juan José de AmézagaPresident of Uruguay1943 CE – 1947 CE
- Luis Batlle Berres PérezPresident of Uruguay1947 CE – 1951 CE
- Tomás BerretaPresident of Uruguay1947 CE
- Andrés Martínez TruebaPresident of Uruguay1951 CE – 1952 CE
- Alberto Fermín ZubiríaPresident of Uruguay1956 CE – 1957 CE
- Arturo LezamaPresident of Uruguay1957 CE – 1958 CE
- Carlos FischerPresident of Uruguay1958 CE – 1959 CE
- Martín EchegoyenPresident of Uruguay1959 CE – 1960 CE
- Benito NardonePresident of Uruguay1960 CE – 1961 CE
- Eduardo Víctor HaedoPresident of Uruguay1961 CE – 1962 CE
- Faustino HarrisonPresident of Uruguay1962 CE – 1963 CE
- Daniel Fernández CrespoPresident of Uruguay1963 CE – 1964 CE
- Luis GiannattasioPresident of Uruguay1964 CE – 1965 CE
- Washington BeltránPresident of Uruguay1965 CE – 1966 CE
- Alberto Héber UsherPresident of Uruguay1966 CE – 1967 CE
- Carlos María PenadésPresident of Uruguay1966 CE – 1967 CE
- Alberto AbdalaVice President of Uruguay1967 CE – 1972 CE
- Jorge Pacheco ArecoPresident of Uruguay1967 CE – 1972 CE
- Óscar Diego GestidoPresident of Uruguay1967 CE
- Juan María BordaberryPresident of Uruguay1972 CE – 1976 CE
- Alberto DemicheliPresident of Uruguay1976 CE
- Aparicio MéndezPresident of Uruguay1976 CE – 1981 CE
- Gregorio Conrado ÁlvarezPresident of Uruguay1981 CE – 1985 CE
- Enrique TarigoVice President of Uruguay1985 CE – 1990 CE
- Julio María SanguinettiPresident of Uruguay1985 CE – 1990 CE
- Rafael Addiego BrunoPresident of Uruguay1985 CE
- Gonzalo AguirreVice President of Uruguay1990 CE – 1995 CE
- Luis Alberto LacallePresident of Uruguay1990 CE – 1995 CE
- Hugo BatallaVice President of Uruguay1995 CE – 1998 CE
- Hugo Fernández FaingoldVice President of Uruguay1998 CE – 2000 CE
- Jorge Batlle IbáñezPresident of Uruguay2000 CE – 2005 CE
- Luis Hierro LópezVice President of Uruguay2000 CE – 2005 CE
- Rodolfo Nin NovoaVice President of Uruguay2005 CE – 2010 CE
- Tabaré VázquezPresident of Uruguay2005 CE – 2010 CE
- Danilo AstoriVice President of Uruguay2010 CE – 2015 CE
- José MujicaPresident of Uruguay2010 CE – 2015 CE
- Raúl Fernando Sendic RodríguezVice President of Uruguay2015 CE – 2017 CE
- Lucía TopolanskyVice President of Uruguay2017 CE – 2020 CE
- Beatriz ArgimónVice President of Uruguay2020 CE – 2025 CE
- Luis Lacalle PouPresident of Uruguay2020 CE – 2025 CE
- Carolina CosseVice President of Uruguay2025 CE –
- Yamandú OrsiPresident2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Yamandú ORSI Martínez (since 1 March 2025); head of government: President Yamandú ORSI Martínez (since 1 March 2025); cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly;
- Ethnic groups
- White 87.7%, Black 4.6%, Indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.)
- Natural resources
- arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish
- Economy
- high-income, export-oriented South American economy; South America’s largest middle class; low socioeconomic inequality; growing homicide rates; growing Chinese and EU relations; 2019 Argentine recession hurt; key milk, beef, rice, and wool exporter
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- Uruguayan pesos (UYU)
Memberships
- Brazil–Argentina–Uruguay Defense Pact (1865)Military alliance · member1882 CE – 1882 CE
- 21-member Entente (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1945 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1945)Military alliance · member1945 CE – 1947 CE
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE –
- MercosurMERCOSUREconomic bloc · founding member1991 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Oriental Republic of Uruguay is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.