Polity · 951 CE – 1085 CE
Northern Song
- Peak recorded area
- 2,765,720 km²
- 980 CE
- Rulers on record
- 12
- from 951 CE
- Data series
- 36
- 960 CE–1027 CE
Overview
The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties in northern China.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
6 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1085 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 19 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| City Pop Beijing2 obs · 936 CE–1000 CE | 60Kpersons1000 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Nanjing2 obs · 975 CE–1000 CE | 70Kpersons1000 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Chengdu | 40Kpersons1000 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Dali | 90Kpersons1000 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Fuzhou | 45Kpersons1000 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Guangzhou | 40Kpersons1000 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
Economy
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP48 obs · 980 CE–1027 CE | 2,245int'l $ (inflation adj.)1027 CE · Gapminder |
| Agricultural Sophistication | 0.9293score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| GDP per capita | 1,225.112011 int'l $1000 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Monetary Complexity | 1score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Levels | 9levels960 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Military Sophistication | 1score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Polity Territory | 6.47score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Territory km² | 3Msq km1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Admin Levels | 7.5levels960 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Religious Hierarchy | 2.5levels960 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
Development
6 of 7 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Government Complexity | 0.9909score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Hierarchy Levels | 7.83score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Information Complexity | 1score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Infrastructure | 0.9917score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Largest Settlement Pop | 5.7score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
| Religious Levels | 2.5score1000 CE · Seshat Equinox 2020 |
Rulers
12 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Emperor Muzong of LiaoEmperor of China951 CE – 969 CE
- Liu JunEmperor of China954 CE – 968 CE
- Emperor Taizu of SongEmperor of China960 CE – 976 CE
- Liu Ji'enEmperor of China968 CE
- Liu JiyuanEmperor of China968 CE – 979 CE
- Emperor Jingzong of LiaoEmperor of China969 CE – 982 CE
- Emperor Taizong of SongEmperor of China976 CE – 997 CE
- Emperor Shengzong of LiaoEmperor of China982 CE – 1031 CE
- Emperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor of China997 CE – 1022 CE
- Emperor Renzong of SongEmperor of China1022 CE – 1063 CE
- Emperor Yingzong of SongEmperor of China1063 CE – 1067 CE
- Emperor Shenzong of SongEmperor of China1067 CE – 1085 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Seshat Equinox 2020Equinox 2020
Turchin, P. et al. Seshat Global History Databank, Equinox 2020 release.
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Northern Song is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.