Polity · 1976 CE – present
Mozambique
República de Moçambique · مْسُمْبِيجِ · Moçambique
Also recorded as Republic of Mozambique
- Peak recorded area
- 784,286 km²
- 1976 CE
- Rulers on record
- 12
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 415
- 1976 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Africa to the south and southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros, Mayotte, and Madagascar through the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population222 obs · 1 CE–2025 CE | 35.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 63.97years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -65.6Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 2.79% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 66.93years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 60.66years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 159 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 1,460int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd79 obs · 1980 CE–2025 CE | 22.3Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 1,087.842011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Fao Asses Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 52.2Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cattle Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 2.5Mhead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cereals Area Harvested64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 3.4Mha2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 39 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP90 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 1.99% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure Usd48 obs · 1977 CE–2024 CE | 450.4Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 435.36millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| CINC Score42 obs · 1975 CE–2016 CE | 0.0012CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption42 obs · 1975 CE–2016 CE | 16.1Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production42 obs · 1975 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 72 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 7.18% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 49.6TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 45.81% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 52.79%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.168hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 41.5Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.304index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.171index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.206index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.265index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Largest Govt Party Vote Share49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 70.78percent2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Tech Railway Line Km136 obs · 1862 CE–1998 CE | 3,150km1998 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Freedom Of Expression Index125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 0.524index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm82 obs · 1860 CE–1991 CE | 1,420tonne-km1991 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km70 obs · 1868 CE–1992 CE | 26passenger-km1992 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Electricity Production60 obs · 1929 CE–1993 CE | 490MGWh1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles57 obs · 1929 CE–1987 CE | 18count1987 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
12 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Joaquim ChissanoHead of State1990 CE – 2005 CE
- Mário da Graça MachungoHead of Government1990 CE – 1994 CE
- Pascoal MocumbiHead of Government1994 CE – 2004 CE
- Luísa DiogoHead of Government2004 CE – 2010 CE
- Armando GuebuzaHead of State2005 CE – 2015 CE
- Aires AliHead of Government2010 CE – 2012 CE
- Alberto VaquinaHead of Government2012 CE – 2015 CE
- Carlos Agostinho do RosárioHead of Government2015 CE – 2022 CE
- Filipe NyusiHead of State2015 CE – 2025 CE
- Adriano MaleianeHead of Government2022 CE – 2025 CE
- Daniel ChapoHead of State2025 CE –
- Maria Benvinda LevyHead of Government2025 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
- Government type
- presidential republic
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Daniel Francisco CHAPO (since 15 January 2025); head of government: Prime Minister Maria Benvinda Delfina LEVI (since 17 January 2025); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president;
- Ethnic groups
- African 99% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Mestizo 0.8%, other (includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese) 0.2% (2017 est.)
- Natural resources
- coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
- Economy
- low-income East African economy; subsistence farming dominates labor force; return to growth led by agriculture and extractive industries; Islamist insurgency threatens natural gas projects in north; ongoing foreign debt restructuring and resolution under IMF Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative
Language & currency
- Currency
- meticais (MZM)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1975 CE –
- Russia–Mozambique Entente (1977)Historical alliance · member1977 CE – 1991 CE
- German Democratic Republic–Mozambique Entente (1979)Historical alliance · member1979 CE – 1989 CE
- Mozambique–South Africa Non-Aggression Pact (1984)Historical alliance · member1984 CE – 1994 CE
- SADCSADCEconomic bloc · founding member1992 CE –
- African UnionAUInternational organisation · founding member2002 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Mozambique is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.