Polity · 980 CE – present
Kingdom of Sweden
Sverige · Konungariket Sverige
Also recorded as Sweden
- Peak recorded area
- 732,331 km²
- 1564 CE
- Rulers on record
- 14
- from 1818 CE
- Data series
- 433
- 1000 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east, and shares a maritime border with Denmark to the south. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest Nordic country by both area and population, and is the fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
29 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 3 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 60 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population351 obs · 1 CE–2025 CE | 10.7Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy261 obs · 1751 CE–2011 CE | 81.76years2011 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Urban Population201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 2.4Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 47.1Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.445% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 85.34years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 143 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita723 obs · 1300 CE–2022 CE | 47.1K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP460 obs · 1560 CE–2019 CE | 49.2Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP Current Usd111 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 669Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Total Exports110 obs · 1905 CE–2014 CE | 157.9Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports110 obs · 1905 CE–2014 CE | 161.1Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance110 obs · 1905 CE–2014 CE | -3,180.77million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 72 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 0.0022CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 57.6Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production201 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 4.6Mtons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel160 obs · 1819 CE–2016 CE | 30Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP131 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 2.5% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| Military Expenditure103 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 5.8Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 69 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 6.2% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 0TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 0TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 68.7% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 7.32%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.2397hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 26 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.881index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.845index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.63index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.99index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2213 obs · 1800 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 63 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.949index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Line Km175 obs · 1825 CE–2000 CE | 12.8Kkm2000 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios170 obs · 1815 CE–1999 CE | 8,774count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage164 obs · 1830 CE–1993 CE | 2,339gross tons1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Mail Items144 obs · 1850 CE–1993 CE | 4,267items1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph137 obs · 1855 CE–1991 CE | 0.249count1991 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
14 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Charles XIV John of SwedenHead of State1818 CE – 1844 CE
- Oscar I of SwedenHead of State1844 CE – 1859 CE
- Carl XV of SwedenHead of State1859 CE – 1872 CE
- Oscar II of SwedenHead of State1872 CE – 1907 CE
- Gustaf V of SwedenHead of State1907 CE – 1950 CE
- Gustaf VI Adolf of SwedenHead of State1950 CE – 1973 CE
- Carl XVI Gustaf of SwedenHead of State1973 CE –
- Ingvar CarlssonHead of Government1990 CE – 1991 CE
- Carl BildtHead of Government1991 CE – 1994 CE
- Göran PerssonHead of Government1996 CE – 2006 CE
- Fredrik ReinfeldtHead of Government2006 CE – 2014 CE
- Stefan LöfvenHead of Government2014 CE – 2021 CE
- Magdalena AnderssonHead of Government2021 CE – 2022 CE
- Ulf KristerssonHead of Government2022 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
- Government type
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973); head of government: Prime Minister Ulf KRISTERSSON (since 18 October 2022); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister; election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary;
- Ethnic groups
- Swedish 79.6%, Syrian 1.9%, Iraqi 1.4%, Finnish 1.3%, other 15.8% (2022 est.)
- Natural resources
- iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
- Economy
- high-income, largest Nordic economy; EU member but does not use the euro; export-oriented, led by automotive, electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals; highly ranked for competitiveness, R&D investments and governance; recovery, with falling inflation and real wage growth balanced by risks from trade uncertainty
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Swedish
- Currency
- Swedish kronor (SEK)
Memberships
- United Kingdom–Sweden Entente (1766)Historical alliance · member1816 CE – 1911 CE
- United Kingdom–France–Sweden Defense Pact (1855)Military alliance · member1855 CE – 1856 CE
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1946 CE –
- EFTAEFTAEconomic bloc · founding member1960 CE – 1995 CE
- European UnionEUEconomic bloc · member1995 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · member2024 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Kingdom of Sweden is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.