Polity · 1814 CE – present
Kingdom of Norway
Kongeriket Norge · Kongeriket Noreg · Noreg
Also recorded as Norway
- Peak recorded area
- 462,845 km²
- 1932 CE
- Rulers on record
- 21
- from 1905 CE
- Data series
- 413
- 1814 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country comprising the western and northernmost parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe, the remote Arctic island Jan Mayen and the archipelago Svalbard. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency, and not a part of the Kingdom; Norway also claims the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
10 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population351 obs · 1 CE–2025 CE | 5.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy166 obs · 1846 CE–2011 CE | 81.4years2011 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 29.8Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.695% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 85.09years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.12years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 124 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 65.9Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita194 obs · 1820 CE–2022 CE | 88.4K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 530.8Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Total Exports106 obs · 1905 CE–2014 CE | 142.8Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports106 obs · 1905 CE–2014 CE | 89.2Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance106 obs · 1905 CE–2014 CE | 53.7Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 64 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure % GDP142 obs · 1949 CE–2025 CE | 3.4% of GDP2025 CE · CIA World Factbook 2024 |
| CINC Score108 obs · 1905 CE–2016 CE | 0.0016CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption108 obs · 1905 CE–2016 CE | 57.8Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production108 obs · 1905 CE–2016 CE | 620Ktons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel108 obs · 1905 CE–2016 CE | 26Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure99 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 6Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 70 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 2.2% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 1,132TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 998.78TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Coal Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 6.73TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 33.5% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 2.7%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 27 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.985index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Electoral Democracy Index218 obs · 1807 CE–2024 CE | 0.884index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index218 obs · 1807 CE–2024 CE | 0.636index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index217 obs · 1807 CE–2024 CE | 0.839index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity2194 obs · 1814 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 67 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.944index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Line Km176 obs · 1825 CE–2000 CE | 4,012km2000 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios167 obs · 1815 CE–1999 CE | 4,090count1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Merchant Shipping Tonnage151 obs · 1830 CE–1993 CE | 2,137gross tons1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph136 obs · 1855 CE–1992 CE | 0.182count1992 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm134 obs · 1856 CE–1993 CE | 2,872tonne-km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
21 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Haakon VII of NorwayHead of State1905 CE – 1957 CE
- Johan NygaardsvoldHead of Government1935 CE – 1945 CE
- Einar GerhardsenHead of Government1945 CE
- Oscar TorpHead of Government1951 CE – 1955 CE
- Olav V of NorwayHead of State1957 CE – 1991 CE
- John LyngHead of Government1963 CE
- Per BortenHead of Government1965 CE – 1971 CE
- Trygve BratteliHead of Government1971 CE – 1972 CE
- Lars KorvaldHead of Government1972 CE – 1973 CE
- Odvar NordliHead of Government1976 CE – 1981 CE
- Gro Harlem BrundtlandHead of Government1981 CE
- Kåre WillochHead of Government1981 CE – 1986 CE
- Svenn StrayHead of Government1984 CE
- Jan P. SyseHead of Government1989 CE – 1990 CE
- Harald V of NorwayHead of State1991 CE –
- Thorbjørn JaglandHead of Government1996 CE – 1997 CE
- Kjell Magne BondevikHead of Government1997 CE – 2000 CE
- Anne EngerHead of Government1998 CE
- Jens StoltenbergHead of Government2000 CE – 2001 CE
- Erna SolbergHead of Government2013 CE – 2021 CE
- Jonas Gahr StøreHead of Government2021 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
- Government type
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); head of government: Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021); cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament; election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary;
- Ethnic groups
- Norwegian 81.5% (includes about 60,000 Sami), other European 8.9%, other 9.6% (2021 est.)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
- Economy
- high-income, non-EU economy with trade links via European Economic Area (EEA); key role in European energy security as leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports; major fishing, forestry, and oil(?) extraction industries; oil sovereign fund supports generous welfare system; low unemployment;
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Bokmal Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian
- Currency
- Norwegian kroner (NOK)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · founding member1949 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1949)Military alliance · member1949 CE –
- EFTAEFTAEconomic bloc · founding member1960 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Central Intelligence Agency (2024). The World Factbook. Washington, DC.
Public Domain (US Government work)
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Kingdom of Norway is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.