Polity · 1803 CE – 1865 CE
Kingdom of Hanover
Königreich Hannover
- Peak recorded area
- 38,532 km²
- 1865 CE
- Rulers on record
- 5
- from 1814 CE
- Data series
- 12
- 1803 CE–1865 CE
Overview
The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Hanover, and joined 38 other sovereign states in the German Confederation in June 1815. The kingdom was ruled by the House of Hanover, a cadet branch of the House of Welf, in personal union with Great Britain between 1714 and 1837.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
4 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1865 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population29 obs · 1837 CE–1865 CE | 1.9Mpersons1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population29 obs · 1837 CE–1865 CE | 0persons1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score29 obs · 1837 CE–1865 CE | 0.003CINC (share of world capability)1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption28 obs · 1838 CE–1865 CE | 238Kcoal-ton equivalents1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production28 obs · 1838 CE–1865 CE | 60Ktons1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP28 obs · 1838 CE–1865 CE | 416Kcurrent GBP1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel28 obs · 1838 CE–1865 CE | 27Kpersons1865 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index75 obs · 1789 CE–1865 CE | 0.118index (0-1)1865 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index75 obs · 1789 CE–1865 CE | 0.106index (0-1)1865 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index75 obs · 1789 CE–1865 CE | 0.075index (0-1)1865 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index75 obs · 1789 CE–1865 CE | 0.604index (0-1)1865 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index75 obs · 1789 CE–1865 CE | 0.287index (0-1)1865 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Rulers
5 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- George III of Great BritainKing of Hanover1814 CE – 1820 CE
- George IV of the United KingdomKing of Hanover1820 CE – 1830 CE
- William IVKing of Hanover1830 CE – 1837 CE
- Ernest Augustus, King of HanoverKing of Hanover1837 CE –
- John Duncan Blighambassador of the United Kingdom to Hanover1838 CE – 1856 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- German
- Currency
- Hanoverian thaler
Memberships
- 20-member Defense Pact (1815)Military alliance · member1838 CE – 1848 CE
- Hanover–Germany–Saxony Defense Pact (1849)Military alliance · member1849 CE – 1849 CE
- 20-member Defense Pact (1815)Military alliance · member1850 CE – 1866 CE
- 6-member Neutrality Pact (1862)Historical alliance · member1862 CE – 1866 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Kingdom of Hanover is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.