Polity · 1947 CE – 1947 CE
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Царство България
- Peak recorded area
- 119,236 km²
- 1918 CE
- Data series
- 60
- 1947 CE–1947 CE
Overview
The Tsardom of Bulgaria, also known as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, usually known in English as the Kingdom of Bulgaria, or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October [O.S. 22 September] 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a tsardom.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
6 dated territorial extents on record from CShapes 2.0. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. Cliopatria holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1947 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 24 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population40 obs · 1 CE–1947 CE | 7.1Mpersons1947 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Urban Population40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 563Kpersons1947 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Life Expectancy8 obs · 1900 CE–1947 CE | 54.1years1947 CE · Clio-Infra |
| City Pop Plovdiv5 obs · 1751 CE–1900 CE | 42Kpersons1900 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Silistra5 obs · 1750 CE–1852 CE | 22Kpersons1852 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Sofia5 obs · 1800 CE–1925 CE | 205Kpersons1925 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
Economy
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP128 obs · 1820 CE–1947 CE | 2,193int'l $ (inflation adj.)1947 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 86.1million USD (current)1947 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 74.4million USD (current)1947 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 11.7million USD (current)1947 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 160.5million USD (current)1947 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| GDP per capita30 obs · 1870 CE–1945 CE | 1,7102011 int'l $1945 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
Military
6 of 9 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 0.0028CINC (share of world capability)1947 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 3.4Mcoal-ton equivalents1947 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production40 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 0tons1947 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel37 obs · 1908 CE–1947 CE | 131Kpersons1947 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure29 obs · 1914 CE–1947 CE | 14.9Mcurrent USD1947 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP6 obs · 1908 CE–1913 CE | 1.6Mcurrent GBP1913 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production48 obs · 1900 CE–1947 CE | 17.45TWh1947 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production48 obs · 1900 CE–1947 CE | 0TWh1947 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production48 obs · 1900 CE–1947 CE | 0TWh1947 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index70 obs · 1878 CE–1947 CE | 0.127index (0-1)1947 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index70 obs · 1878 CE–1947 CE | 0.051index (0-1)1947 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index70 obs · 1878 CE–1947 CE | 0.097index (0-1)1947 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index70 obs · 1878 CE–1947 CE | 0.254index (0-1)1947 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity268 obs · 1879 CE–1947 CE | -7index (-10 to 10)1947 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type48 obs · 1900 CE–1947 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)1947 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 10 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Tech Railway Line Km108 obs · 1825 CE–1946 CE | 3,732km1946 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Freedom Of Expression Index70 obs · 1878 CE–1947 CE | 0.069index (0-1)1947 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km49 obs · 1894 CE–1947 CE | 2,628passenger-km1947 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios45 obs · 1878 CE–1947 CE | 161count1947 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm38 obs · 1898 CE–1947 CE | 1,262tonne-km1947 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telephones37 obs · 1902 CE–1947 CE | 54Kcount1947 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Bulgarian
- Currency
- Bulgarian lev (BGN)
Memberships
- Yugoslavia–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1904)Military alliance · member1908 CE – 1909 CE
- Yugoslavia–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1912)Military alliance · member1912 CE – 1913 CE
- Greece–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1912)Military alliance · member1912 CE – 1913 CE
- Bulgaria–Turkey Defense Pact (1914)Military alliance · member1914 CE – 1918 CE
- Austria-Hungary–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1914)Military alliance · member1914 CE – 1918 CE
- Germany–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1914)Military alliance · member1914 CE – 1918 CE
- Germany–Austria-Hungary–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1915)Military alliance · member1915 CE – 1918 CE
- Bulgaria–Turkey Non-Aggression Pact (1929)Historical alliance · member1929 CE – 1939 CE
- 9-member Defense Pact (1937)Military alliance · member1937 CE – 1939 CE
- 5-member Non-Aggression Pact (1938)Historical alliance · member1938 CE – 1940 CE
- 6-member Defense Pact (1940)Military alliance · member1941 CE – 1941 CE
- Albania–Bulgaria Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE – 1967 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
CShapes 2.02.0
Schvitz, G. et al. (2022). Mapping the International System, 1886-2019: The CShapes 2.0 Dataset. Journal of Conflict Resolution 66(1).
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Kingdom of Bulgaria is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.