Polity · 1806 CE – 1918 CE
Kingdom of Bavaria
Königreich Bayern
- Peak recorded area
- 90,409 km²
- 1807 CE
- Rulers on record
- 6
- from 1806 CE
- Data series
- 16
- 1806 CE–1871 CE
Overview
The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1806 and continued to exist until 1918. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingdom became a federated state of the new empire and was second in size, power, and wealth only to the leading state, the Kingdom of Prussia.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
17 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 5 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1918 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population56 obs · 1816 CE–1871 CE | 4.9Mpersons1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population56 obs · 1816 CE–1871 CE | 167Kpersons1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Economy
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Total Exports2 obs · 1870 CE–1871 CE | 0million USD (current)1871 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports2 obs · 1870 CE–1871 CE | 0million USD (current)1871 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance2 obs · 1870 CE–1871 CE | 0million USD (current)1871 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness2 obs · 1870 CE–1871 CE | 0million USD (current)1871 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score56 obs · 1816 CE–1871 CE | 0.0047CINC (share of world capability)1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption56 obs · 1816 CE–1871 CE | 241Kcoal-ton equivalents1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production56 obs · 1816 CE–1871 CE | 30Ktons1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP54 obs · 1816 CE–1871 CE | 1.2Mcurrent GBP1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel25 obs · 1828 CE–1871 CE | 30Kpersons1871 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index83 obs · 1789 CE–1871 CE | 0.168index (0-1)1871 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index83 obs · 1789 CE–1871 CE | 0.028index (0-1)1871 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index83 obs · 1789 CE–1871 CE | 0.797index (0-1)1871 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index53 obs · 1818 CE–1870 CE | 0.171index (0-1)1870 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index83 obs · 1789 CE–1871 CE | 0.467index (0-1)1871 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Rulers
6 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Maximilian I Joseph of BavariaKing of Bavaria1806 CE – 1825 CE
- Ludwig I of BavariaKing of Bavaria1825 CE – 1848 CE
- Maximilian II of BavariaKing of Bavaria1848 CE – 1864 CE
- Ludwig II of BavariaKing of Bavaria1864 CE – 1886 CE
- Otto, King of BavariaKing of Bavaria1886 CE – 1913 CE
- Ludwig III of BavariaKing of Bavaria1913 CE – 1918 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- German
- Currency
- Bavarian gulden
Memberships
- 20-member Defense Pact (1815)Military alliance · member1816 CE – 1848 CE
- 20-member Defense Pact (1815)Military alliance · member1850 CE – 1866 CE
- Bavaria–Wuerttemburg–Austria-Hungary Defense Pact (1850)Military alliance · member1850 CE – 1850 CE
- 6-member Neutrality Pact (1862)Historical alliance · member1862 CE – 1866 CE
- Bavaria–Germany Defense Pact (1866)Military alliance · member1866 CE – 1870 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Kingdom of Bavaria is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.