Polity · 1973 CE – present
Kingdom of Bahrain
البحرين · Mamlakat al Bahrayn · Al Bahrayn
- Peak recorded area
- 881 km²
- 1973 CE
- Rulers on record
- 11
- from 1932 CE
- Data series
- 287
- 1973 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated in the middle of the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 33 natural islands and an additional 50 artificial islands, centred on Bahrain Island, which makes up around 80 percent of the country's landmass. Bahrain is situated between Qatar and the northeastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the King Fahd Causeway.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population150 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 18.1Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.26years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 81.03years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy100 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 81.58years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Infant Mortality Rate76 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 5.06per 1000 live births2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 91 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP110 obs · 1910 CE–2019 CE | 45.9Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 38.7K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Fao Camels Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 3,000head2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cattle Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 7,000head2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Chickens Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 1,918head2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Eggs Production64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 5,597.65tonnes2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 48 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Military Expenditure Constant Usd54 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 1,364.85millions_usd_20232024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Military Expenditure % GDP50 obs · 1975 CE–2024 CE | 2.89% of GDP2024 CE · SIPRI Military Expenditure Database |
| Arms Imports Tiv Million48 obs · 1972 CE–2024 CE | 850tiv_million2024 CE · SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV |
| CINC Score46 obs · 1971 CE–2016 CE | 0.0006CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption46 obs · 1971 CE–2016 CE | 40.9Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production46 obs · 1971 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 35 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Gas Production115 obs · 1910 CE–2024 CE | 165.72TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production107 obs · 1910 CE–2016 CE | 35.99TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 10.13%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 2.63%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.0013hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 8,100ha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index115 obs · 1910 CE–2024 CE | 0.124index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index115 obs · 1910 CE–2024 CE | 0.04index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type115 obs · 1910 CE–2024 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index115 obs · 1910 CE–2024 CE | 0.188index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Executive Years In Office49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 24years2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
| Govt Ideology Executive49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 0scale_1_32023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 28 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index115 obs · 1910 CE–2024 CE | 0.132index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 153.9per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Secondary Enrollment Gross %51 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 98.81%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Enrollment Gross %48 obs · 1971 CE–2024 CE | 96.88%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Dpt Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 96%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Measles Immunization %45 obs · 1980 CE–2024 CE | 99%2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
11 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Hamad I of Bahrainmonarch of Bahrain1932 CE – 1942 CE
- Salman II of Bahrainmonarch of Bahrain1942 CE – 1961 CE
- Isa II of Bahrainmonarch of Bahrain1961 CE – 1999 CE
- Khalifa bin Salman Al KhalifaHead of Government1971 CE – 2020 CE
- Hamad II of BahrainHead of State1999 CE –
- Ali bin Khalifa bin Salman Al KhalifaDeputy Prime Minister of Bahrain2005 CE – 2022 CE
- Muhammad ibn Mubarak ibn Hamad Al KhalifahDeputy Prime Minister of Bahrain2005 CE – 2022 CE
- Jawad Al-ArrayedhDeputy Prime Minister of Bahrain2006 CE – 2022 CE
- Khalid bin Abdullah Al KhalifaDeputy Prime Minister of Bahrain2010 CE –
- Salman bin Hamad, Crown Prince of BahrainDeputy Prime Minister of Bahrain2013 CE – 2020 CE
- Salman bin Hamad, Crown Prince of BahrainHead of Government2020 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
- Government type
- constitutional monarchy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); head of government: Prime Minister Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (since 11 November 2020); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch; election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
- Ethnic groups
- Bahraini 47.4%, Asian 43.4%, other Arab 4.9%, African 1.4%, North American 1.1%, Gulf Co-operative countries 0.9%, European 0.8%, other 0.1% (2020 est.)
- Natural resources
- oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
- Economy
- high-income, growing Middle Eastern island economy; oil and aluminum exporter with diversification led by services, construction and manufacturing; regional finance and tourism hub; high public debt linked to oil revenue dependence and limited tax base; vulnerable to water reservoir depletion
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Bahraini dinars (BHD)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1971 CE –
- Arab LeagueALInternational organisation · member1971 CE –
- 23-member Entente (1945)Historical alliance · member1971 CE –
- 21-member Defense Pact (1950)Military alliance · member1971 CE –
- GCCGCCEconomic bloc · founding member1981 CE –
- 6-member Defense Pact (2000)Military alliance · member2000 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CIA World Factbook 2024
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
SIPRI (2024). Arms Transfers Database (Trend-Indicator Values).
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database2024
SIPRI (2024). Military Expenditure Database.
Free for non-commercial use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Kingdom of Bahrain is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.