Polity · 962 CE – 1705 CE
Holy Roman Empire
Heiliges Römisches Reich · Sacrum Imperium Romanum · Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie
- Peak recorded area
- 913,664 km²
- 1169 CE
- Rulers on record
- 27
- from 962 CE
- Data series
- 2
- 1348 CE–1705 CE
Overview
The Holy Roman Empire was a large and complex polity comprising and controlling much of Northern, Central and Western Europe, headed by a royal and usually elected Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. Initially, it comprised three parts—Germany, Italy, and Burgundy—held together mostly by the emperor's overlordship.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
31 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1705 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Social Conflict Events43 obs · 1348 CE–1705 CE | 1events1705 CE · HiSCoD (Historical Social Conflict Database) |
| Conflict Participants2 obs · 1515 CE–1596 CE | 500persons1596 CE · HiSCoD (Historical Social Conflict Database) |
Rulers
27 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Otto I the GreatHoly Roman Emperor962 CE – 973 CE
- Otto IIHoly Roman Emperor973 CE – 983 CE
- Otto IIIHoly Roman Emperor996 CE – 1002 CE
- Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1014 CE – 1024 CE
- Conrad IIHoly Roman Emperor1027 CE – 1039 CE
- Henry IIIHoly Roman Emperor1046 CE – 1056 CE
- Henry IVHoly Roman Emperor1084 CE – 1106 CE
- Henry VHoly Roman Emperor1111 CE – 1125 CE
- Lothair IIIHoly Roman Emperor1133 CE – 1137 CE
- Frederick BarbarossaHoly Roman Emperor1155 CE – 1190 CE
- Henry VIHoly Roman Emperor1191 CE – 1197 CE
- Otto IV, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1209 CE – 1218 CE
- Frederick II, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1220 CE – 1250 CE
- Henry VII, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1312 CE – 1313 CE
- Louis IV of BavariaHoly Roman Emperor1328 CE – 1347 CE
- Charles IVHoly Roman Emperor1355 CE – 1378 CE
- SigismundHoly Roman Emperor1433 CE – 1437 CE
- Frederick III, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1452 CE – 1493 CE
- Maximilian IHoly Roman Emperor1508 CE – 1519 CE
- Charles VHoly Roman Emperor1519 CE – 1556 CE
- Ferdinand I, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1556 CE – 1564 CE
- Maximilian II, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1564 CE – 1576 CE
- Emperor Rudolf IIHoly Roman Emperor1576 CE – 1612 CE
- Matthias, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1612 CE – 1619 CE
- Ferdinand II, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1619 CE – 1637 CE
- Ferdinand III, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1637 CE – 1657 CE
- Leopold I, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor1658 CE – 1705 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Czech, German, Hungarian, Italian, Latin, Polish
- Currency
- ducat
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
HiSCoD (Historical Social Conflict Database)2021
Chevalier, J. et al. HiSCoD: Historical Social Conflict Database. Université de Rennes.
Academic use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Holy Roman Empire is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.