Polity · 1967 CE – 2023 CE
Federated Republic of Brazil
República Federativa do Brasil · Brasil
- Peak recorded area
- 8,530,590 km²
- 1967 CE
- Rulers on record
- 9
- from 1990 CE
- Data series
- 295
- 1967 CE–2023 CE
Overview
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is also the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh-largest by population, with over 213 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 states and a Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
2 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 2023 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 52 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population115 obs · 1929 CE–2006 CE | 186.7Mpersons2006 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female84 obs · 1950 CE–2006 CE | 75.74years2006 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male84 obs · 1950 CE–2006 CE | 68.95years2006 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration84 obs · 1950 CE–2006 CE | -90.6Kpersons2006 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Urban Population58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 66.6Mpersons1986 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Infant Mortality Rate57 obs · 1950 CE–2006 CE | 20.3per 1000 live births2006 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 137 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 8,2812011 int'l $1986 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 10.6Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)1986 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports44 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 22.4Kmillion USD (current)1986 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports44 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 17.1Kmillion USD (current)1986 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance44 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 5,291.64million USD (current)1986 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness44 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 39.5Kmillion USD (current)1986 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 30 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 0.0255CINC (share of world capability)1986 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 191Mcoal-ton equivalents1986 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 21.2Mtons1986 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 1.6Bcurrent USD1986 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel54 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 527Kpersons1986 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Mil Equip Aircraft Maritime Patrol16 obs · 1970 CE–1986 CE | 17count1986 CE · rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 22 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Coal Production58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 43.1TWh1986 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Gas Production58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 29.98TWh1986 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 360.37TWh1986 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Agricultural Land %26 obs · 1961 CE–1986 CE | 28.78%1986 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land %26 obs · 1961 CE–1986 CE | 6.2%1986 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Arable Land per capita Ha26 obs · 1961 CE–1986 CE | 0.3744hectares per person1986 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 19 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 0.478index (0-1)1986 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 0.317index (0-1)1986 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 0.305index (0-1)1986 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity258 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 7index (-10 to 10)1986 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)1986 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 0.434index (0-1)1986 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
6 of 35 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 0.742index (0-1)1986 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 201BGWh1986 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 104Ktonne-km1986 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 29.8Kkm1986 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Passenger Km58 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 15.8Kpassenger-km1986 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Telegraph57 obs · 1929 CE–1986 CE | 28count1986 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
9 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Fernando Collor de MelloHead of State1990 CE – 1992 CE
- Fernando Henrique CardosoHead of State1995 CE – 2002 CE
- Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaHead of State2003 CE – 2010 CE
- Dilma RousseffHead of State2011 CE – 2016 CE
- Michel TemerHead of Government2016 CE – 2019 CE
- Michel TemerHead of State2016 CE – 2019 CE
- Jair BolsonaroHead of Government2019 CE – 2023 CE
- Jair BolsonaroHead of State2019 CE – 2023 CE
- Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaHead of Government2023 CE –
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Portuguese
- Currency
- Brazilian real (BRL), Brazilian cruzeiro real (BRR), cruzeiro (BRE), Brazilian cruzado novo (BRN), Brazilian cruzado (BRC), cruzeiro (BRB)
Memberships
- 21-member Entente (1936)Historical alliance · member1936 CE – 1945 CE
- 20-member Defense Pact (1945)Military alliance · member1945 CE – 1947 CE
- 35-member Defense Pact (1947)Military alliance · member1947 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
rDMC Military Capabilities v1.0v1.0
Reconstructed Data on Military Capabilities (rDMC), v1.0. Harvard Dataverse.
Academic use, attribution
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
Federated Republic of Brazil is one of the polities with a sourced record deep enough to publish.