Polity · 1942 CE – present
Ethiopia
Toophphiya Federaalle Dimokkiraatike Ripaabilike · ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ · የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
Also recorded as Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
- Peak recorded area
- 1,254,750 km²
- 1956 CE
- Rulers on record
- 24
- from 1943 CE
- Data series
- 428
- 1942 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and historically known as Abyssinia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,104,300 square kilometres (426,400 sq mi).
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
8 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 2 further extents, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 59 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 135.5Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 67.88years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 24.1Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 2.52% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 71.3years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 64.62years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 168 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd112 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 126.4Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita PPP81 obs · 1939 CE–2019 CE | 1,764int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports74 obs · 1941 CE–2014 CE | 2,597.25million USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports74 obs · 1941 CE–2014 CE | 16.6Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance74 obs · 1941 CE–2014 CE | -14Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness74 obs · 1941 CE–2014 CE | 19.2Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 49 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score76 obs · 1941 CE–2016 CE | 0.0042CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption76 obs · 1941 CE–2016 CE | 36.2Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production76 obs · 1941 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel71 obs · 1946 CE–2016 CE | 138Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP65 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 0.6505% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Usd65 obs · 1960 CE–2024 CE | 921.7Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Territory & resources
6 of 65 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Surface Area63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 1.1Msq. km2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land %62 obs · 1993 CE–2023 CE | 14.53% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Forest Area %62 obs · 1993 CE–2023 CE | 14.93% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Co2 Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 19.36mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Co2 Emissions per capita55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 0.1466t_co2e_per_capita2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
| Methane Emissions Mt Co2e55 obs · 1970 CE–2024 CE | 131.63mt_co2_equivalent2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment) |
Governance
6 of 30 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index86 obs · 1939 CE–2024 CE | 0.263index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index86 obs · 1939 CE–2024 CE | 0.098index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index86 obs · 1939 CE–2024 CE | 0.135index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type86 obs · 1939 CE–2024 CE | 1RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index86 obs · 1939 CE–2024 CE | 0.295index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Executive Years In Office49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 5years2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index86 obs · 1939 CE–2024 CE | 0.269index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Railway Line Km55 obs · 1939 CE–1993 CE | 681km1993 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Newspaper Circulation54 obs · 1946 CE–1999 CE | 123.2Kcirculation1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Radios54 obs · 1946 CE–1999 CE | 12.7Kcount1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Freight Tkm53 obs · 1939 CE–1991 CE | 178tonne-km1991 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10050 obs · 1960 CE–2022 CE | 56.96per_1002022 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
24 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Makonnen EndelkachewPrime Minister of Ethiopia1943 CE – 1957 CE
- Abebe AregaiPrime Minister of Ethiopia1957 CE – 1960 CE
- Imru Haile SelassiePrime Minister of Ethiopia1957 CE
- Aklilu Habte-WoldPrime Minister of Ethiopia1961 CE – 1974 CE
- Aman AndomPresident of Ethiopia1974 CE
- Mekonnen EndalkachewPrime Minister of Ethiopia1974 CE
- Mengistu Haile MariamPresident of Ethiopia1974 CE
- Mikael ImruPrime Minister of Ethiopia1974 CE
- Tafari BentiPresident of Ethiopia1974 CE – 1977 CE
- Fikre Selassie WogderessPrime Minister of Ethiopia1987 CE – 1989 CE
- Hailu YimenuPrime Minister of Ethiopia1989 CE – 1991 CE
- Meles ZenawiPresident of Ethiopia1991 CE – 1995 CE
- Tamirat LaynePrime Minister of Ethiopia1991 CE
- Tesfaye DinkaPrime Minister of Ethiopia1991 CE –
- Tesfaye Genre KidanPresident of Ethiopia1991 CE
- Meles ZenawiHead of Government1995 CE – 2012 CE
- Negasso GidadaPresident of Ethiopia1995 CE – 2001 CE
- Girma Wolde-GiorgisPresident of Ethiopia2001 CE – 2013 CE
- Demeke MekonnenDeputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia2012 CE – 2024 CE
- Hailemariam DesalegnHead of Government2012 CE – 2018 CE
- Mulatu TeshomePresident of Ethiopia2013 CE – 2018 CE
- Abiy AhmedHead of Government2018 CE –
- Sahle-Work ZewdePresident of Ethiopia2018 CE – 2024 CE
- Taye Atske SelassieHead of State2024 CE –
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Q28244, Somali, Tigrigna
- Currency
- bir (ETB)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- Kenya–Ethiopia Defense Pact (1963)Military alliance · member1963 CE –
- Russia–Ethiopia Entente (1978)Historical alliance · member1978 CE – 1991 CE
- Ethiopia–Yemen People's Republic Non-Aggression Pact (1979)Historical alliance · member1979 CE – 1990 CE
- German Democratic Republic–Ethiopia Non-Aggression Pact (1979)Historical alliance · member1979 CE – 1989 CE
- Ethiopia–Libya–Yemen People's Republic Defense Pact (1981)Military alliance · member1981 CE – 1986 CE
- Ethiopia–Eritrea Non-Aggression Pact (2000)Historical alliance · member2000 CE –
- African UnionAUInternational organisation · founding member2002 CE –
- BRICSBRICSEconomic bloc · member2024 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment)2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators (Climate & Environment series). Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0