Polity · 1969 CE – present
Eswatini
Umbuso weSwatini · eSwatini
Also recorded as Kingdom of Eswatini
- Peak recorded area
- 17,289 km²
- 1973 CE
- Rulers on record
- 6
- from 1986 CE
- Data series
- 341
- 1969 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Eswatini, formally the Kingdom of Eswatini, also known by its former official names Swaziland and the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa on all sides except the northeast, where it shares a border with Mozambique. At no more than 200 km (120 mi) north to south and 130 km (81 mi) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
4 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population216 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.3Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 64.4years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | -5,775persons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 1.09% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 67.26years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Male140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 61.45years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 140 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP Current Usd111 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 5.2Bcurrent US$2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| GDP per capita PPP82 obs · 1938 CE–2019 CE | 6,832int'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita73 obs · 1950 CE–2022 CE | 8,522.452011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Agriculture % GDP66 obs · 1960 CE–2025 CE | 6.41% of GDP2025 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Asses Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 16.7Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
| Fao Cattle Stocks64 obs · 1961 CE–2024 CE | 652.5Khead2024 CE · FAOSTAT |
Military
6 of 9 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score49 obs · 1968 CE–2016 CE | 0.0001CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption49 obs · 1968 CE–2016 CE | 972Kcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production49 obs · 1968 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure % GDP49 obs · 1977 CE–2024 CE | 1.44% of GDP2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure Usd48 obs · 1977 CE–2024 CE | 79.7Mcurrent US$2024 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Military Expenditure33 obs · 1968 CE–2001 CE | 20Mcurrent USD2001 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 57 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 10.29% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Coal Production79 obs · 1938 CE–2016 CE | 1.13TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 29.14% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 69.48%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Arable Land per capita Ha63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 0.1438hectares per person2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Fao Agricultural Land63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 1.2Mha2023 CE · FAOSTAT |
Governance
6 of 26 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index87 obs · 1938 CE–2024 CE | 0.13index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index87 obs · 1938 CE–2024 CE | 0.097index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index87 obs · 1938 CE–2024 CE | 0.113index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type87 obs · 1938 CE–2024 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index87 obs · 1938 CE–2024 CE | 0.232index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Checks And Balances49 obs · 1975 CE–2023 CE | 1count2023 CE · Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 |
Development
6 of 52 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index87 obs · 1938 CE–2024 CE | 0.117index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Mobile Subscriptions Per 10052 obs · 1960 CE–2023 CE | 128.4per_1002023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Completion Rate51 obs · 1970 CE–2023 CE | 93.61%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Primary Enrollment Gross %51 obs · 1970 CE–2023 CE | 116.53%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate49 obs · 1970 CE–2023 CE | 67.57%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Pupil Teacher Ratio Primary47 obs · 1970 CE–2017 CE | 26.6ratio2017 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Rulers
6 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Mswati IIIHead of State1986 CE –
- Ambrose Mandvulo DlaminiHead of Government2018 CE – 2020 CE
- Themba Nhlanganiso MasukuHead of Government2020 CE – 2021 CE
- Cleopas DlaminiHead of Government2021 CE – 2023 CE
- Mgwagwa GamedzeHead of Government2023 CE
- Russell DlaminiHead of Government2023 CE –
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- English, Swazi
- Currency
- emalangeni
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · member1968 CE –
- South Africa–Swaziland Non-Aggression Pact (1982)Historical alliance · member1982 CE –
- SADCSADCEconomic bloc · founding member1992 CE –
- African UnionAUInternational organisation · founding member2002 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023DPI 2023
Cruz, C., Keefer, P. & Scartascini, C. (2023). Database of Political Institutions 2023. Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB open data, attribution
FAOSTAT2024 release
FAO (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
CC BY 4.0
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0