Polity · 1919 CE – 1939 CE
Estonia
Eesti Vabariik · Eesti
- Peak recorded area
- 48,549 km²
- 1920 CE
- Rulers on record
- 1
- from 1938 CE
- Data series
- 30
- 1919 CE–1939 CE
Overview
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
4 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated. CShapes 2.0 holds 1 further extent, measured on a different basis and deliberately not merged into this series.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before 1939 CE, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 9 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 1.1Mpersons1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Urban Population22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 175Kpersons1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Height Men6 obs · 1800 CE–1910 CE | 172cm1910 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Life Expectancy4 obs · 1897 CE–1935 CE | 56.27years1935 CE · Clio-Infra |
| City Pop Tallinn | 66Kpersons1900 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
| City Pop Tartu | 42Kpersons1900 CE · Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban Population |
Economy
6 of 8 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP140 obs · 1800 CE–1939 CE | 4,018int'l $ (inflation adj.)1939 CE · Gapminder |
| Total Exports22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 31.79million USD (current)1939 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 27.25million USD (current)1939 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 4.54million USD (current)1939 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 59.04million USD (current)1939 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Real Wage12 obs · 1925 CE–1939 CE | 9.9index (1500=1)1939 CE · Clio-Infra |
Military
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0.0006CINC (share of world capability)1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 768Kcoal-ton equivalents1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0tons1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 5.1Mcurrent USD1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 15Kpersons1939 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Governance
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0.279index (0-1)1939 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0.242index (0-1)1939 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0.188index (0-1)1939 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity222 obs · 1917 CE–1939 CE | -6index (-10 to 10)1939 CE · Clio-Infra |
| Regime Type22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0RoW index (0-3)1939 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0.872index (0-1)1939 CE · V-Dem v15 |
Development
| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index22 obs · 1918 CE–1939 CE | 0.416index (0-1)1939 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Numeracy11 obs · 1820 CE–1930 CE | 100ABCC index1930 CE · Clio-Infra |
Rulers
1 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Konstantin PätsHead of State1938 CE – 1940 CE
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Estonian
- Currency
- Estonian kroon (EEK), Estonian mark
Memberships
- Estonia–Latvia Defense Pact (1923)Military alliance · member1923 CE – 1940 CE
- Russia–Estonia Non-Aggression Pact (1932)Historical alliance · member1932 CE – 1939 CE
- Estonia–Latvia–Lithuania Entente (1934)Historical alliance · member1934 CE – 1940 CE
- Germany–Estonia Non-Aggression Pact (1939)Historical alliance · member1939 CE – 1940 CE
- Russia–Estonia Defense Pact (1939)Military alliance · member1939 CE – 1940 CE
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
Chandler/Modelski Historical Urban PopulationChandler 1987 / Modelski 2003
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth; Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000.
Compiled from published works (Chandler 1987; Modelski 2003)
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0