Polity · 1945 CE – present
Denmark
Danmarks Rige · Kongeriget Danmark · Danmark
- Peak recorded area
- 2,385,600 km²
- 1946 CE
- Rulers on record
- 36
- from 1863 CE
- Data series
- 396
- 1945 CE–2025 CE
Overview
Denmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark, also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the north Atlantic Ocean. Metropolitan Denmark, also called "continental Denmark" or "Denmark proper", consists of the northern Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands.
Lead section from Wikipedia, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read the article.
Territory
3 dated territorial extents on record from Cliopatria. Areas are measured off the recorded polygons; the line steps because each extent holds until the next one is recorded — nothing is interpolated.
The record
The best-attested series in each category; where several projects publish the same quantity, the one with the most observations is shown. Each row is the most recent value the record holds at or before the last complete year, shown with the year that value belongs to. Some statistical series also publish forward projections — the year column is the honest guide. Nothing on this page is interpolated or estimated by us.
People
6 of 56 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Population346 obs · 1700 CE–2025 CE | 6Mpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Urban Population197 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 1.3Mpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Life Expectancy165 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 82.25years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Net Migration141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 22.1Kpersons2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Population Growth141 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 0.386% annual2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
| Life Expectancy Female140 obs · 1950 CE–2025 CE | 84.1years2025 CE · UN World Population Prospects 2024 |
Economy
6 of 134 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| GDP per capita PPP220 obs · 1800 CE–2019 CE | 46.1Kint'l $ (inflation adj.)2019 CE · Gapminder |
| GDP per capita203 obs · 1820 CE–2022 CE | 50.7K2011 int'l $2022 CE · Maddison Project Database 2023 |
| Total Exports141 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 108Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Total Imports141 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 95.4Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Balance141 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 12.7Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
| Trade Openness141 obs · 1870 CE–2014 CE | 203.4Kmillion USD (current)2014 CE · CoW Bilateral Trade v4.0 |
Military
6 of 62 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| CINC Score197 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 0.001CINC (share of world capability)2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Energy Consumption197 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 25.5Mcoal-ton equivalents2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Iron Steel Production197 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 0tons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Personnel197 obs · 1816 CE–2016 CE | 17Kpersons2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure99 obs · 1914 CE–2016 CE | 3.5Bcurrent USD2016 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
| Military Expenditure GBP74 obs · 1835 CE–1913 CE | 1.6Mcurrent GBP1913 CE · Correlates of War NMC v6.0 |
Territory & resources
6 of 58 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Arable Land %126 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 59.13% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Gas Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 18.42TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Oil Production125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 34.37TWh2024 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Coal Production117 obs · 1900 CE–2016 CE | 0TWh2016 CE · Our World in Data Energy |
| Forest Area %68 obs · 1990 CE–2023 CE | 15.78% of land area2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
| Agricultural Land %63 obs · 1961 CE–2023 CE | 65.53%2023 CE · World Bank World Development Indicators |
Governance
6 of 25 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Electoral Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.916index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Liberal Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.883index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Participatory Democracy Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.702index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Rule Of Law Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.998index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Regime Type125 obs · 1900 CE–2024 CE | 3RoW index (0-3)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Polity268 obs · 1945 CE–2012 CE | 10index (-10 to 10)2012 CE · Clio-Infra |
Development
6 of 61 series| Series | Value · year · source |
|---|---|
| Freedom Of Expression Index236 obs · 1789 CE–2024 CE | 0.985index (0-1)2024 CE · V-Dem v15 |
| Tech Electricity Production59 obs · 1943 CE–2001 CE | 37.7BGWh2001 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Passenger Cars57 obs · 1943 CE–2000 CE | 1.9Mcount2000 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Railway Line Km57 obs · 1943 CE–2000 CE | 2,859km2000 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Commercial Vehicles54 obs · 1943 CE–1998 CE | 372count1998 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
| Tech Newspaper Circulation54 obs · 1946 CE–1999 CE | 1.7Mcirculation1999 CE · CHAT (Comin-Hobijn) |
Rulers
36 on record with dated reigns. Reign years follow the house convention: BCE years are negative.
- Christian IX of DenmarkHead of State1863 CE – 1906 CE
- Tage Reedtz-ThottHead of Government1894 CE – 1897 CE
- Hugo Egmont HørringHead of Government1897 CE – 1900 CE
- Hannibal SehestedHead of Government1900 CE – 1901 CE
- Johan Henrik DeuntzerHead of Government1901 CE – 1905 CE
- Jens Christian ChristensenHead of Government1905 CE – 1908 CE
- Frederik VIII of DenmarkHead of State1906 CE – 1912 CE
- Niels NeergaardHead of Government1908 CE – 1909 CE
- Carl Theodor ZahleHead of Government1909 CE – 1910 CE
- Ludvig Holstein-LedreborgHead of Government1909 CE
- Klaus BerntsenHead of Government1910 CE – 1913 CE
- Christian X of DenmarkHead of State1912 CE – 1947 CE
- Michael Pedersen FriisHead of Government1920 CE
- Otto LiebeHead of Government1920 CE
- Thorvald StauningHead of Government1924 CE – 1926 CE
- Thomas Madsen-MygdalHead of Government1926 CE – 1929 CE
- Erik ScaveniusHead of Government1942 CE – 1945 CE
- Vilhelm BuhlHead of Government1942 CE
- Knud KristensenHead of Government1945 CE – 1947 CE
- Frederik IX of DenmarkHead of State1947 CE – 1972 CE
- Hans HedtoftHead of Government1947 CE – 1950 CE
- Erik EriksenHead of Government1950 CE – 1953 CE
- H. C. HansenHead of Government1955 CE – 1960 CE
- Viggo KampmannHead of Government1960 CE – 1962 CE
- Jens Otto KragHead of Government1962 CE – 1968 CE
- Hilmar BaunsgaardHead of Government1968 CE – 1971 CE
- Anker JørgensenHead of Government1972 CE – 1973 CE
- Margrethe II of DenmarkHead of State1972 CE – 2024 CE
- Poul HartlingHead of Government1973 CE – 1975 CE
- Poul SchlüterHead of Government1982 CE – 1993 CE
- Poul Nyrup RasmussenHead of Government1993 CE – 2001 CE
- Anders Fogh RasmussenHead of Government2001 CE – 2009 CE
- Lars Løkke RasmussenHead of Government2009 CE – 2011 CE
- Helle Thorning-SchmidtHead of Government2011 CE – 2015 CE
- Mette FrederiksenHead of Government2019 CE –
- Frederik X of DenmarkHead of State2024 CE –
Country profile
From the CIA World Factbook 2024. Long entries are trimmed at a sentence boundary.
- Location
- Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)
- Government type
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024); head of government: Prime Minister Mette FREDERIKSEN (since 27 June 2019); cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch; election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary;
- Ethnic groups
- Danish (includes Greenlandic (who are predominantly Inuit) and Faroese) 84.2%, Turkish 1.1%, other 14.7% (largest groups are Polish, Romanian, Syrian, Ukrainian, German, and Iraqi) (2023 est.)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, fish, arable land, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand
- Economy
- high-income, EU-member, trade-oriented Nordic economy; growth driven by pharmaceuticals, energy, and services; large share of employment in public sector; fixed exchange rate pegged to euro; strong fiscal position and declining public debt; tight labor market mitigated by migrant workers and higher retirement age
Language & currency
- Official & national languages
- Danish
- Currency
- Danish krone (DKK)
Memberships
- United NationsUNInternational organisation · founding member1945 CE –
- 20-member Defense Pact (1949)Military alliance · member1949 CE –
- NATONATOMilitary alliance · founding member1949 CE –
- EFTAEFTAEconomic bloc · founding member1960 CE – 1973 CE
- EECEECEconomic bloc · member1973 CE – 1993 CE
- European UnionEUEconomic bloc · member1973 CE –
- Denmark–Iceland Defense Pact (2007)Military alliance · member2007 CE –
Sources
Every figure above comes from one of these. Nothing on this page is estimated, interpolated or model-generated.
CHAT (Comin-Hobijn)2009 (FinalCHAT_72909)
Comin, D. & Hobijn, B. (2009). The CHAT Dataset. NBER Working Paper 15319.
NBER research data, freely downloadable
CIA World Factbook 2024
Clio-Infra2017 datasets
Clio-Infra project (2017). Reconstructions of global inequality and well-being. International Institute of Social History.
Academic use, attribution
Seshat Global History Databank. Cliopatria: a historical basemap of polity borders (cliopatria.geojson).
Correlates of War NMC v6.0v6.0
Singer, J.D. (1987). National Material Capabilities Data (NMC), v6.0. Correlates of War Project.
Free academic use, citation
Barbieri, K. & Keshk, O. (2016). Correlates of War Project Trade Data Set, v4.0.
Free academic use, citation
Gapminderv14 / systema globalis
Gapminder Foundation. Gapminder systema globalis dataset.
CC BY 4.0
Maddison Project Database 20232023
Bolt, J. & van Zanden, J.L. (2024). Maddison Project Database 2023. University of Groningen GGDC.
CC BY 4.0
Our World in Data (2024). Energy dataset. Based on Energy Institute & Ember.
CC BY 4.0
UN World Population Prospects 20242024
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
CC BY 3.0 IGO
V-Dem v15v15
Coppedge, M. et al. (2025). V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v15. Varieties of Democracy Project.
Free academic/non-commercial use, attribution
Wikipedia contributors. Article lead sections, reused under CC BY-SA 4.0.
CC BY-SA 4.0
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 release
World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC.
CC BY 4.0